{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072736862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","title":"A picture is not always worth a thousand words: Pictures as distractors in reading.","display_name":"A picture is not always worth a thousand words: Pictures as distractors in reading.","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072736862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","mag":"2072736862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61703936","display_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0663","issn":["0022-0663","1939-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003016047","display_name":"Dale M. Willows","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dale M. Willows","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003016047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95413223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"255","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picture-text-interaction","display_name":"picture-text interaction","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8167053461074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7606456279754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5317360758781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019051423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading rate","level":4,"score":0.5242695808410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.40602385997772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4017249345779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.70.2.255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61703936","display_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0663","issn":["0022-0663","1939-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0022-0663.70.2.255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.70.2.255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.70.2.255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61703936","display_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","issn_l":"0022-0663","issn":["0022-0663","1939-2176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485783166","https://openalex.org/W1553368037","https://openalex.org/W1972784059","https://openalex.org/W1978082209","https://openalex.org/W1979300864","https://openalex.org/W1982279410","https://openalex.org/W2036538378","https://openalex.org/W2061605989","https://openalex.org/W2065546066","https://openalex.org/W2134766492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056991689","https://openalex.org/W1978082209","https://openalex.org/W6999937265","https://openalex.org/W7223641844","https://openalex.org/W2809312695","https://openalex.org/W2070003747","https://openalex.org/W1987153447","https://openalex.org/W7208050504","https://openalex.org/W1980449169","https://openalex.org/W2015046724"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
