{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072391633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","title":"Is N, P, and PN difficulty a valid criterion of transformational operations?","display_name":"Is N, P, and PN difficulty a valid criterion of transformational operations?","publication_year":1970,"publication_date":"1970-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072391633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","mag":"2072391633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17882476","display_name":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5371","issn":["0022-5371","1878-4097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091425214","display_name":"Frieda Goldman-Eisler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frieda Goldman-Eisler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London; England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London; England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049910287","display_name":"Mich\u00e8le Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mich\u00e8le Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London; England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London; England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.8875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9962157,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.05739999935030937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-grammar","display_name":"transformational grammar","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-difficulty","display_name":"sentence difficulty","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-processing","display_name":"sentence processing","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-voice","display_name":"passive voice","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneous-speech","display_name":"spontaneous speech","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-complexity","display_name":"syntactic complexity","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.5441445708274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5342141389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40448009967803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3734729588031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2571847438812256}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80045-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17882476","display_name":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5371","issn":["0022-5371","1878-4097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592566308","https://openalex.org/W1970732895","https://openalex.org/W1985431742","https://openalex.org/W1994000132","https://openalex.org/W2023550542","https://openalex.org/W2041450877","https://openalex.org/W2044846611","https://openalex.org/W2045535494","https://openalex.org/W2055855234","https://openalex.org/W2077411555","https://openalex.org/W2082603712","https://openalex.org/W2089797539","https://openalex.org/W2318155416","https://openalex.org/W2330993849","https://openalex.org/W2983821462","https://openalex.org/W4249324840","https://openalex.org/W4300156652","https://openalex.org/W6661806762","https://openalex.org/W6777997294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170357058","https://openalex.org/W4252940696","https://openalex.org/W2040754264","https://openalex.org/W2410605181","https://openalex.org/W2261094019","https://openalex.org/W2315884885","https://openalex.org/W7047759393","https://openalex.org/W114933368","https://openalex.org/W4256524493","https://openalex.org/W948126201"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}