{"id":"https://openalex.org/W207201739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","title":"Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","display_name":"Soil compaction vulnerability at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W207201739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","mag":"207201739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3133/ofr20141048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194219","display_name":"Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World","issn_l":"0196-1497","issn":["0196-1497","2331-1258","2332-4899"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316088","host_organization_name":"United States Department of the Interior","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Department of the Interior"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open-File Report","raw_type":"report-component"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047441905","display_name":"Robert H. Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3904"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reston, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reston, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058429147","display_name":"Kenneth E. Nussear","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-8911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-8911"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth E. Nussear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reston, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reston, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084714944","display_name":"Shinji Carmichael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinji Carmichael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reston, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reston, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077191306","display_name":"Todd C. Esque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd C. Esque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reston, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reston, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.4997999966144562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.4997999966144562,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.14970000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.09619999676942825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-compaction","display_name":"soil compaction","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desert-soils","display_name":"desert soils","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-sorting","display_name":"particle size sorting","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravel-content","display_name":"gravel content","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-density","display_name":"bulk density","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proctor-compaction","display_name":"Proctor compaction","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-index","display_name":"vulnerability index","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-area-management","display_name":"protected area management","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organ-pipe-cactus-national-monument","display_name":"Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid-and-semi-arid-soils","display_name":"arid and semi-arid soils","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.7463704943656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.6167187690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5623567700386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5388083457946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.5280790328979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70957220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618290","display_name":"Soil compaction","level":3,"score":0.5216353535652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.4633885324001312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175963888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026010","display_name":"Soil texture","level":3,"score":0.41816964745521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.39281168580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3536553382873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.34096676111221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3026450276374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3133/ofr20141048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194219","display_name":"Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World","issn_l":"0196-1497","issn":["0196-1497","2331-1258","2332-4899"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316088","host_organization_name":"United States Department of the Interior","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Department of the Interior"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open-File Report","raw_type":"report-component"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3133/ofr20141048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141048","pdf_url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1048/pdf/ofr2014-1048.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194219","display_name":"Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World","issn_l":"0196-1497","issn":["0196-1497","2331-1258","2332-4899"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316088","host_organization_name":"United States Department of the Interior","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["United States Department of the Interior"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open-File Report","raw_type":"report-component"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332542","display_name":"National Park Service","ror":"https://ror.org/044zqqy65"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W207201739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W207201739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152646969","https://openalex.org/W207201739","https://openalex.org/W626570772","https://openalex.org/W655301198","https://openalex.org/W1622464107","https://openalex.org/W1772365586","https://openalex.org/W1972136825","https://openalex.org/W1981272949","https://openalex.org/W1989206603","https://openalex.org/W1989342471","https://openalex.org/W2041362566","https://openalex.org/W2048819370","https://openalex.org/W2051787068","https://openalex.org/W2056248640","https://openalex.org/W2071235870","https://openalex.org/W2136208313","https://openalex.org/W2146765735","https://openalex.org/W2152105290","https://openalex.org/W2320387044","https://openalex.org/W2327982559","https://openalex.org/W2778929046","https://openalex.org/W2922019937","https://openalex.org/W4210797927","https://openalex.org/W4239608917","https://openalex.org/W4242323440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981272949","https://openalex.org/W1992355628","https://openalex.org/W7006795328","https://openalex.org/W2753930530","https://openalex.org/W4399969776","https://openalex.org/W7095873972","https://openalex.org/W1836434329","https://openalex.org/W2250145416","https://openalex.org/W7052210256","https://openalex.org/W7084169084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compaction":[0],"vulnerability":[1,95,144,180,186,195],"of":[2,5,17,103,108,110,151,168,177,184,196,235],"different":[3],"types":[4],"soils":[6,16,29,40,78,90,147,187],"by":[7,66,188],"hikers":[8],"and":[9,19,48,75,105,112,131,161,210],"vehicles":[10],"is":[11,63],"poorly":[12,27],"known,":[13],"particularly":[14],"for":[15,92,146],"arid":[18],"semiarid":[20],"regions.Engineering":[21],"analyses":[22,171],"have":[23],"long":[24],"shown":[25],"that":[26,79,173,193,221,231],"sorted":[28],"(for":[30,41],"example,":[31,42],"sandy":[32],"loams)":[33],"compact":[34],"to":[35,83,87,141,226],"high":[36,49,185],"densities,":[37],"whereas":[38],"well-sorted":[39],"eolian":[43],"sand)":[44],"do":[45],"not":[46],"compact,":[47],"gravel":[50,104],"content":[51],"may":[52],"reduce":[53,232],"compaction.Organ":[54],"Pipe":[55],"Cactus":[56],"National":[57],"Monument":[58],"(ORPI)":[59],"in":[60,238],"southwestern":[61],"Arizona,":[62],"affected":[64],"greatly":[65],"illicit":[67],"activities":[68,230],"associated":[69],"with":[70],"the":[71,101,106,149,162,169,174,182],"United":[72],"States-Mexico":[73],"border,":[74],"has":[76],"many":[77],"resource":[80],"managers":[81,222],"consider":[82],"be":[84,205],"highly":[85],"vulnerable":[86],"compaction.Using":[88],"geospatial":[89],"data":[91],"ORPI,":[93,203],"compaction":[94,159,179,194],"was":[96,139],"estimated":[97],"qualitatively":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100,148],"amount":[102],"degree":[107],"sorting":[109],"sand":[111],"finer":[113],"particles.To":[114],"test":[115],"this":[116,233],"qualitative":[117,175],"assessment,":[118],"soil":[119,128,154,178,236],"samples":[120],"were":[121,135],"collected":[122],"from":[123,157],"48":[124],"sites":[125],"across":[126],"all":[127],"map":[129],"units,":[130],"undisturbed":[132,164],"bulk":[133,165],"densities":[134],"measured.A":[136],"scoring":[137],"system":[138,215],"used":[140],"create":[142],"a":[143,218],"index":[145],"basis":[150],"particle-size":[152],"sorting,":[153],"properties":[155],"derived":[156],"Proctor":[158],"analyses,":[160,216],"field":[163],"densities.The":[166],"results":[167,191],"laboratory":[170,208],"indicated":[172],"assessments":[176],"underestimated":[181],"area":[183],"73":[189],"percent.The":[190],"showed":[192],"desert":[197],"soils,":[198],"such":[199],"as":[200],"those":[201],"at":[202],"can":[204],"quantified":[206],"using":[207,212],"tests":[209],"evaluated":[211],"geographic":[213],"information":[214],"providing":[217],"management":[219],"tool":[220],"potentially":[223],"could":[224],"use":[225],"inform":[227],"decisions":[228],"about":[229],"type":[234],"disruption":[237],"protected":[239],"areas.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}