{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071994231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","title":"The Development of the Items-Easy (Ie) and Items-Difficult (Id) Subscales for the MMPI-A","display_name":"The Development of the Items-Easy (Ie) and Items-Difficult (Id) Subscales for the MMPI-A","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071994231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","mag":"2071994231","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16370813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40137911","display_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","issn_l":"0022-3891","issn":["0022-3891","1532-7752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001790759","display_name":"Sarah Y. Krakauer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Y. Krakauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Consortium for Professional Psychology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Consortium for Professional Psychology, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028962869","display_name":"Robert P. Archer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8253-4705"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. Archer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109109231","display_name":"Raymont A. Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymont A. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30090341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"561","last_page":"571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmpi-a","display_name":"MMPI-A","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension-difficulties","display_name":"reading comprehension difficulties","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-accuracy","display_name":"classification accuracy","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"cross-validation","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166523933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556298","display_name":"Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory","level":3,"score":0.872978150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8059069514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350689","display_name":"Predictive power","level":2,"score":0.5347344875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.5006606578826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.48865965008735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.48212528228759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910790537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16883239","display_name":"Short Forms","level":2,"score":0.4516271650791168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.4506632089614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.350678026676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1420116424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6003_13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40137911","display_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","issn_l":"0022-3891","issn":["0022-3891","1532-7752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16370813","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16370813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality assessment","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483571652","https://openalex.org/W1602368597","https://openalex.org/W1967390364","https://openalex.org/W1980572032","https://openalex.org/W1992297096","https://openalex.org/W2016388234","https://openalex.org/W2038232478","https://openalex.org/W2047032198","https://openalex.org/W2059503547","https://openalex.org/W2077269199","https://openalex.org/W2077871561","https://openalex.org/W4256355487","https://openalex.org/W6636400605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982164665","https://openalex.org/W2088417767","https://openalex.org/W4239054705","https://openalex.org/W2051378053","https://openalex.org/W2089793052","https://openalex.org/W2950266882","https://openalex.org/W3028368492","https://openalex.org/W2061632001","https://openalex.org/W1574001610","https://openalex.org/W2186872845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,178],"involves":[2],"the":[3,9,17,33,51,64,79,89,105,120,140,151,158,168],"development,":[4],"validation,":[5],"and":[6,12,50,83,98,112,125,131,161,170],"cross-validation":[7,126],"of":[8,46,78,107,139,150],"Items-Easy":[10],"(Ie)":[11,82],"Items-Difficult":[13],"(Id)":[14,86],"subscales":[15,28,172],"for":[16,43,119,132,177],"Minnesota":[18],"Multiphasic":[19],"Personality":[20],"Inventory-Adolescent":[21],"(MMPI-A;":[22],"Butcher":[23],"et":[24],"al.,":[25],"1992).":[26],"These":[27],"were":[29,102],"designed":[30],"to":[31,35,72,76],"assess":[32],"degree":[34],"which":[36],"reading":[37],"comprehension":[38],"deficits":[39],"may":[40],"be":[41,174],"responsible":[42],"significant":[44],"elevations":[45],"validity":[47],"Scale":[48],"F":[49],"standard":[52],"clinical":[53],"scales":[54],"on":[55,63,104],"adolescents'":[56],"MMPI-A":[57],"profiles.":[58],"A":[59],"difference":[60,117],"score,":[61],"bared":[62],"two":[65],"13-item":[66],"subscales,":[67],"was":[68],"created":[69],"in":[70],"order":[71],"compare":[73],"subjects'":[74],"responses":[75],"subsets":[77],"more":[80],"comprehensible":[81,85],"less":[84],"items":[87],"within":[88],"test.":[90],"Hit":[91],"rate,":[92],"sensitivity,":[93],"specificity,":[94],"positive":[95],"predictive":[96,100],"power,":[97],"negative":[99],"power":[101],"calculated":[103],"basis":[106],"simple":[108],"(Id":[109],"-":[110,115],"Ie)":[111],"weighted":[113],"(3Id":[114],"1Ie)":[116],"scores":[118],"validation":[121],"(N":[122,127],"=":[123,128],"495)":[124],"264)":[129],"samples,":[130],"specific":[133],"high-F":[134],"profile":[135],"subsamples.":[136,162],"Although":[137],"some":[138],"indices":[141,152],"reflected":[142],"classification":[143],"accuracy":[144],"as":[145,147],"high":[146,155],"95%,":[148],"none":[149],"yielded":[153],"consistently":[154],"results":[156],"across":[157],"various":[159],"samples":[160],"It":[163],"has":[164],"been":[165],"concluded":[166],"that":[167],"Ie":[169],"Id":[171],"should":[173],"used":[175],"only":[176],"purposes":[179],"at":[180],"this":[181],"time.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
