{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071979729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","title":"Simplified silver protein detection and image enhancement methods in polyacrylamide gels","display_name":"Simplified silver protein detection and image enhancement methods in polyacrylamide gels","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071979729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","mag":"2071979729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/elps.1150030104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2849398","display_name":"Electrophoresis","issn_l":"0173-0835","issn":["0173-0835","1522-2683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111645688","display_name":"Carl R. Merril","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl R. Merril","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIH, Bethesda, MD","Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIH, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041766549","display_name":"David A Goldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-5405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-5405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIH, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIH, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027576103","display_name":"Margaret L. Van Keuren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121815","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210121815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret L. Van Keuren","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Alcohol and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210121815"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111645688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"],"apc_list":{"value":3940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3940},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.4229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":379,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99957045,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-staining","display_name":"silver staining","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-detection","display_name":"protein detection","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylamide-hydrogel","display_name":"polyacrylamide hydrogel","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-nitrate","display_name":"silver nitrate","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"image enhancement","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-sensitivity","display_name":"detection sensitivity","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25330733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907841","display_name":"Silver stain","level":2,"score":0.9030973315238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781294515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733470","display_name":"Stain","level":3,"score":0.8419283628463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207442","display_name":"Silver nitrate","level":2,"score":0.837127685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778862431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416002","display_name":"Polyacrylamide","level":2,"score":0.7242037057876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.6398129463195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5682679414749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101660505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898301","display_name":"Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","level":3,"score":0.5378223061561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418516","display_name":"Coomassie Brilliant Blue","level":3,"score":0.5068674683570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4592655897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.41906648874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1717313528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14602741599082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1197999119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.08189207315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08029192686080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/elps.1150030104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150030104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2849398","display_name":"Electrophoresis","issn_l":"0173-0835","issn":["0173-0835","1522-2683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585634275","https://openalex.org/W1606423922","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1980788834","https://openalex.org/W1986299132","https://openalex.org/W1996071792","https://openalex.org/W2008458997","https://openalex.org/W2014321075","https://openalex.org/W2022961230","https://openalex.org/W2036988442","https://openalex.org/W2044936649","https://openalex.org/W2077371019","https://openalex.org/W2080444670","https://openalex.org/W2087182696","https://openalex.org/W2101948512","https://openalex.org/W2132916463","https://openalex.org/W2418962198","https://openalex.org/W2592206634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022961230","https://openalex.org/W1979492674","https://openalex.org/W2011730787","https://openalex.org/W2015421694","https://openalex.org/W2072672418","https://openalex.org/W2119460480","https://openalex.org/W2074485117","https://openalex.org/W2094413622","https://openalex.org/W2090834556","https://openalex.org/W2120424368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,7,35,41,103,118,121,153,167,174],"silver":[4,23,36,64,114,127,141,144,171],"for":[5],"detection":[6,173],"protein":[8],"in":[9,82,133,148,170,176],"polyacrylamide":[10,177],"gels":[11,178],"is":[12,51,101,159],"becoming":[13],"widespread.":[14],"An":[15],"effort":[16],"has":[17,67,96],"been":[18,68,97],"made":[19],"to":[20,29,74,87],"develop":[21],"a":[22,79,93,162],"stain":[24,50,65,115,172],"which":[25,45,107],"minimizes":[26],"the":[27,31,33,39,42,47,57,119,126,130,138,149,157],"time":[28],"perform":[30],"stain,":[32],"amount":[34],"used,":[37],"and":[38,44],"complexity":[40],"procedures,":[43],"maximizes":[46],"sensitivity.":[48],"This":[49,63,99],"almost":[52],"200\u2010fold":[53],"more":[54],"sensitive":[55],"than":[56],"Coomassie":[58],"Brilliant":[59],"Blue":[60],"R\u2010250":[61],"stain.":[62],"procedure":[66,95,100],"shown,":[69],"with":[70,112,161,181],"eight":[71],"purified":[72],"proteins,":[73],"generally":[75],"be":[76,110],"linear":[77],"over":[78],"40\u2010fold":[80],"range":[81],"concentration,":[83],"between":[84],"0.005":[85],"ng/mm2":[86],"2.0":[88],"ng/mm2.":[89],"For":[90],"greater":[91],"sensitivity,":[92],"recycling":[94,137],"developed.":[98],"capable":[102],"amplifying":[104],"trace":[105],"proteins":[106,175],"could":[108],"not":[109],"visualized":[111],"previous":[113],"techniques.":[116],"Analysis":[117],"kinetics":[120],"image":[122,134],"development":[123],"revealed":[124],"that":[125],"ion":[128],"was":[129],"limiting":[131],"factor":[132],"formation.":[135],"By":[136],"gel":[139,158],"through":[140],"nitrate":[142],"solutions,":[143],"ions":[145],"are":[146,179],"replenished":[147],"gel,":[150],"permitting":[151],"amplification":[152],"further":[154],"details":[155],"when":[156],"treated":[160],"developing":[163],"solution.":[164],"A":[165],"number":[166],"problems":[168],"inherent":[169],"discussed":[180],"suggested":[182],"remedies.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}