{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071958369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","title":"Bad Outcomes of Questionable Medical Decisions","display_name":"Bad Outcomes of Questionable Medical Decisions","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071958369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","mag":"2071958369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033086949","display_name":"Timothy P. Hofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-8787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-8787"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy P. Hofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113 (Hofer, Hayward)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113 (Hofer, Hayward)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103470033","display_name":"Rodney A. Hayward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-7250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-7250"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodney A. Hayward","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113 (Hofer, Hayward)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research; Ann Arbor, MI 48113 (Hofer, Hayward)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18415638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"6","first_page":"520","last_page":"520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.4065000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.4065000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.3546999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12339","display_name":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","score":0.15860000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-errors","display_name":"medical errors","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pericardial-effusion","display_name":"pericardial effusion","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-peer-review","display_name":"physician peer review","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"clinical decision-making","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventability","display_name":"preventability","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-mortality","display_name":"in-hospital mortality","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-care","display_name":"quality of care","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservative-treatment","display_name":"conservative treatment","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-outcomes","display_name":"patient outcomes","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-malpractice-liability","display_name":"medical malpractice liability","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-recruitment-and-retention","display_name":"physician recruitment and retention","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8129108548164368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.39495164155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.32862555980682373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988942396","https://openalex.org/W2007383291","https://openalex.org/W2165585813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415081052","https://openalex.org/W2108761187","https://openalex.org/W1988942396","https://openalex.org/W1969970688","https://openalex.org/W1970038930","https://openalex.org/W2136321492","https://openalex.org/W2068318904","https://openalex.org/W2560229516","https://openalex.org/W2073456963","https://openalex.org/W2224082091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Letters18":[0],"March":[1,354,376,381],"2003Bad":[2],"Outcomes":[3,26,50,275,288,309,318,326],"of":[4,122,136,141,164,192,219,298,310,319,327,342,391],"Questionable":[5,290,311,320,328],"Medical":[6,294,312,321,329],"DecisionsTimothy":[7],"P.":[8,17,261,302,336],"Hofer,":[9,18,262],"MD,":[10,19,263],"MS":[11],"and":[12,25,40,49,65,257,274,304,334,345,350],"Rodney":[13,41,265,305],"A.":[14,42,266,306],"Hayward,":[15,43,267],"MDTimothy":[16],"MSVA":[20],"Center":[21,45,270],"for":[22,34,46,58,221,271],"Practice":[23,47,272],"Management":[24,48,273],"Research;":[27,51,276],"Ann":[28,52,277],"Arbor,":[29,53,278],"MI":[30,54,279],"48113":[31,55,280],"(Hofer,":[32,56,281],"Hayward)Search":[33,57],"more":[35,59,87],"papers":[36,60],"by":[37,61,225,388],"this":[38,62,101],"author":[39],"MDVA":[44],"authorAuthor,":[63],"Article,":[64,256],"Disclosure":[66,258],"Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00029":[67],"SectionsAboutFull":[68],"TextPDF":[69],"ToolsAdd":[70],"to":[71,90,184,229],"favoritesDownload":[72],"CitationsTrack":[73],"CitationsPermissions":[74],"ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail":[75],"IN":[76],"RESPONSE:Dr.":[77],"Kessler":[78,168,316],"argues":[79],"that":[80,127,153,158,171],"in":[81,100,119,133,157,189,217,348],"the":[82,190,193],"patient":[83,137],"we":[84],"discussed,":[85],"a":[86,106,110,114],"conservative":[88],"approach":[89],"managing":[91],"pericardial":[92],"effusion":[93],"would":[94],"have":[95],"been":[96],"preferable.":[97],"The":[98],"cardiologist":[99],"case":[102],"(who":[103],"was":[104],"also":[105,169],"respected":[107,111],"clinician":[108],"at":[109],"institution)":[112],"made":[113],"different":[115],"decision.":[116],"Our":[117],"experience":[118],"formal":[120],"studies":[121,373],"physician":[123],"peer":[124],"review":[125,370],"suggests":[126,170],"reviewers":[128],"make":[129],"highly":[130],"variable":[131],"assessments":[132],"most":[134],"episodes":[135],"care":[138,220],"(1).":[139],"Assessments":[140],"clinical":[142],"decision":[143],"making":[144,365],"are":[145,155],"not":[146],"very":[147],"precise,":[148],"although":[149],"there":[150],"is":[151,188,244],"evidence":[152],"they":[154,159],"valid":[156],"correlate":[160],"with":[161],"other":[162],"measures":[163],"quality":[165,218],"(2).":[166],"Dr.":[167],"errors":[172],"should":[173],"be":[174],"...References1.":[175],"Hayward":[176,241,307],"RA,":[177],"Hofer":[178,237,303],"TP.":[179],"Estimating":[180],"hospital":[181],"deaths":[182],"due":[183],"medical":[185],"errors:":[186],"preventability":[187],"eye":[191],"reviewer.":[194],"JAMA.":[195,231],"2001;286:415-20.":[196],"[PMID:":[197,233,251],"11466119]":[198],"CrossrefMedlineGoogle":[199,235],"Scholar2.":[200],"Rubenstein":[201],"LV,":[202],"Kahn":[203],"KL,":[204],"Reinisch":[205],"EJ,":[206],"Sherwood":[207],"MJ,":[208],"Rogers":[209],"WH,":[210],"Kamberg":[211],"C,":[212],"et":[213],"al.":[214],".":[215],"Changes":[216],"five":[222],"diseases":[223],"measured":[224],"implicit":[226],"review,":[227],"1981":[228],"1986.":[230],"1990;264:1974-9.":[232],"2214062]":[234],"Scholar3.":[236],"TP,":[238],"Kerr":[239],"EA,":[240],"RA.":[242],"What":[243],"an":[245],"error?":[246],"Eff":[247],"Clin":[248],"Pract.":[249],"2000;3:261-9.":[250],"11151522]":[252],"MedlineGoogle":[253],"Scholar":[254],"Author,":[255],"InformationAuthors:":[259],"Timothy":[260,301],"MS;":[264],"MDAffiliations:":[268],"VA":[269],"Hayward)":[282],"PreviousarticleNextarticle":[283],"Advertisement":[284],"FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee":[285],"AlsoAre":[286],"Bad":[287,308,317,325],"from":[289],"Clinical":[291],"Decisions":[292,313,322,330],"Preventable":[293],"Errors?":[295],"A":[296],"Case":[297],"Cascade":[299],"Iatrogenesis":[300],"Kenneth":[314],"M.":[315],"Elizabeth":[323],"Nilson":[324],"William":[331],"B.":[332],"Weeks":[333],"James":[335],"Bagian":[337],"Metrics":[338],"Cited":[339],"byA":[340],"Comparison":[341],"Total":[343],"Hip":[344,367],"Knee":[346],"Replacement":[347],"Specialty":[349],"General":[351],"Hospitals":[352],"18":[353,375,380],"2003Volume":[355],"138,":[356],"Issue":[357,378],"6":[358],"Page:":[359],"520":[360],"Keywords":[361],"Adverse":[362],"events":[363],"Decision":[364],"Extrapolation":[366],"Patients":[368],"Peer":[369],"Safety":[371,372],"ePublished:":[374],"2003":[377,382,387],"Published:":[379],"Copyright":[383],"&":[384],"PermissionsCopyright":[385],"\u00a9":[386],"American":[389],"College":[390],"Physicians.":[392],"All":[393],"Rights":[394],"Reserved.PDF":[395],"downloadLoading":[396],"...":[397]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
