{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071916517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","title":"What's in a steak? A cross-cultural study on the quality perception of beef","display_name":"What's in a steak? A cross-cultural study on the quality perception of beef","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071916517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","mag":"2071916517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194662844","display_name":"Food Quality and Preference","issn_l":"0950-3293","issn":["0950-3293","1873-6343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Quality and Preference","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/126/wp39.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002482082","display_name":"Klaus G. Grunert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-184X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-184X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Klaus G Grunert","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAPP, The Aarhus School of Business, Haslegaardsvej 10, DK-8210, Aarhus V, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAPP, The Aarhus School of Business, Haslegaardsvej 10, DK-8210, Aarhus V, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002482082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":{"value":4420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4420},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8924,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":489,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98646771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"157","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14244","display_name":"Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-motives","display_name":"consumer motivation","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-consumer-behavior","display_name":"cross-cultural consumer behavior","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-fat-content","display_name":"meat fat content","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-color","display_name":"meat color","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-tenderness","display_name":"meat tenderness","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-juiciness","display_name":"meat juiciness","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-freshness","display_name":"meat freshness","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-nutritional-value","display_name":"meat nutritional value","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/place-of-purchase","display_name":"place of purchase","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7365138530731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.6799028515815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6705989837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.6023935079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5365657210350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5072833895683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.4973502457141876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373417","display_name":"Country of origin","level":2,"score":0.46699586510658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.42225125432014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.4169137179851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.36719515919685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.2484554648399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24202030897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16459593176841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11843019723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0900094211101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(96)00038-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194662844","display_name":"Food Quality and Preference","issn_l":"0950-3293","issn":["0950-3293","1873-6343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Quality and Preference","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/321d3ae0-5c26-11da-ae64-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/321d3ae0-5c26-11da-ae64-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/126/wp39.pdf","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grunert, K G 1996 'What's in a steak? A cross-cultural study of the quality perception of beef' Aarhus School of Business, MAPP Centre.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012957654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=012957654&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/664e1fa0-24fe-11da-834f-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/664e1fa0-24fe-11da-834f-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grunert, K G 1997, 'What's in a steak : A cross-cultural study on the quality perception of beef', Food Quality and Preference, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(96)00038-9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/fa8738f0-24fe-11da-834f-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/fa8738f0-24fe-11da-834f-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grunert, K G 1996, 'What's in a steak? A cross-cultural study on the quality perception of beef', Paper presented at 25th EMAC Conference, Budapest, May, 18/12/2010.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/321d3ae0-5c26-11da-ae64-000ea68e967b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/321d3ae0-5c26-11da-ae64-000ea68e967b","pdf_url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/126/wp39.pdf","source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grunert, K G 1996 'What's in a steak? A cross-cultural study of the quality perception of beef' Aarhus School of Business, MAPP Centre.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071916517.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071916517.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26126246","https://openalex.org/W583817867","https://openalex.org/W591997413","https://openalex.org/W1530373747","https://openalex.org/W1550568228","https://openalex.org/W1921960432","https://openalex.org/W1983799481","https://openalex.org/W1983997497","https://openalex.org/W1990789191","https://openalex.org/W1991114726","https://openalex.org/W1992193527","https://openalex.org/W2002775372","https://openalex.org/W2016969158","https://openalex.org/W2023088673","https://openalex.org/W2027604979","https://openalex.org/W2036986263","https://openalex.org/W2046279784","https://openalex.org/W2046752514","https://openalex.org/W2053796405","https://openalex.org/W2061535594","https://openalex.org/W2064062304","https://openalex.org/W2072698791","https://openalex.org/W2078436049","https://openalex.org/W2080304133","https://openalex.org/W2083329137","https://openalex.org/W2085356518","https://openalex.org/W2086888884","https://openalex.org/W2091585149","https://openalex.org/W2095559546","https://openalex.org/W2156215985","https://openalex.org/W2158947069","https://openalex.org/W2163297822","https://openalex.org/W2163988453","https://openalex.org/W2255324579","https://openalex.org/W2404289012","https://openalex.org/W2410901473","https://openalex.org/W2415603389","https://openalex.org/W2443272927","https://openalex.org/W2488815574","https://openalex.org/W3183875433","https://openalex.org/W3214136575","https://openalex.org/W4299927410","https://openalex.org/W4403552493","https://openalex.org/W6991146581","https://openalex.org/W7034834151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087088210","https://openalex.org/W83903373","https://openalex.org/W3170811809","https://openalex.org/W2098145523","https://openalex.org/W2082157063","https://openalex.org/W4293262630","https://openalex.org/W2085637716","https://openalex.org/W2612043090","https://openalex.org/W2026191024","https://openalex.org/W2588675766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,19,35,82,124,145,161,165,271,280],"Total":[2],"Food":[3],"Quality":[4],"Model":[5],"as":[6,113,115,149],"point":[7],"of":[8,21,40,43,47,51,58,76,96,133,152,154,197,202,227,244,282],"departure,":[9],"a":[10,24,41,150,248,258],"study":[11,38],"is":[12,103,147,188],"described":[13],"which":[14,54,175],"analyses":[15],"how":[16],"consumers":[17,176,212,218],"evaluate":[18],"quality":[20,94,116,136,179,237,253,259,281],"beef":[22,97,246],"in":[23,27,87,120,130,140,160,164,250,263,278],"purchase":[25,134],"situation":[26],"four":[28,89,142],"European":[29],"countries:":[30],"France,":[31],"Germany,":[32,121],"Spain":[33],"and":[34,46,62,66,79,109,123,135,185,191,206,229,231,256,267],"UK.":[36],"The":[37,91,169,199,239],"consisted":[39],"series":[42],"focus":[44],"groups":[45],"an":[48,56],"extended":[49],"form":[50],"conjoint":[52],"analysis":[53],"allows":[55],"estimation":[57],"meansend":[59],"structures.":[60],"Tradition":[61],"security,":[63],"variation,":[64],"atmosphere":[65],"social":[67],"life,":[68],"health,":[69],"acceptance":[70],"from":[71],"family/children/":[72],"guests,":[73],"nutrition,":[74],"demonstration":[75],"cooking":[77],"abilities,":[78],"status":[80],"are":[81,98,118,128,138,182,208],"most":[83,92,170],"important":[84,93,171],"purchasing":[85],"motives":[86,112],"all":[88,141,195],"countries.":[90],"aspects":[95,117,196],"that":[99,242,257],"it":[100],"tastes":[101],"good,":[102],"tender,":[104],"juicy,":[105],"fresh,":[106],"lean,":[107],"healthy":[108],"nutritious.":[110],"Purchasing":[111],"well":[114],"uni-dimensional":[119],"Spain,":[122],"UK,":[125],"while":[126],"they":[127],"multi-dimensional":[129],"France.":[131],"Place":[132],"perception":[137],"related":[139],"countries,":[143,167],"i.e.":[144],"butcher":[146],"regarded":[148],"sort":[151],"guarantor":[153],"high":[155],"quality.":[156],"This":[157],"applies":[158,193],"less":[159],"UK":[162],"than":[163],"other":[166],"however.":[168],"concrete":[172],"product":[173],"characteristics":[174],"base":[177],"their":[178],"evaluation":[180],"on":[181,204,236],"fat":[183,203],"content":[184],"colour.":[186],"Fat":[187],"generally":[189],"negative,":[190],"this":[192,252],"to":[194,220,254,274],"fat.":[198],"positive":[200],"effects":[201],"taste":[205],"tenderness":[207],"not":[209],"perceived.":[210],"German":[211],"prefer":[213,221],"dark":[214],"meat,":[215],"whereas":[216],"Spanish":[217],"tend":[219],"light":[222],"meat.":[223],"Information":[224],"about":[225],"country":[226],"origin":[228],"breeding":[230],"feeding":[232],"has":[233],"no":[234],"effect":[235],"perception.":[238],"results":[240],"suggest":[241],"producers":[243],"superior":[245],"have":[247],"problem":[249],"communicating":[251],"consumers,":[255],"grading":[260],"system":[261],"developed":[262],"co-operation":[264],"between":[265],"producer":[266],"retailer":[268],"may":[269],"be":[270],"best":[272],"way":[273],"overcome":[275],"consumer":[276],"uncertainty":[277],"evaluating":[279],"beef.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
