{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071910344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","title":"Cartographic data structures","display_name":"Cartographic data structures","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071910344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","mag":"2071910344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/563274.563306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/563274.563306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086393","display_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/563274.563306","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048755354","display_name":"Kenneth Dueker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J. Dueker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048755354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13854","display_name":"Historical Geography and Cartography","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.04190000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-systems","display_name":"geographic information systems","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-encoding","display_name":"data encoding","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-capture","display_name":"data capture","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-digitization","display_name":"map digitization","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-fidelity","display_name":"data fidelity","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion-rate","display_name":"distortion rate","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-efficiency","display_name":"coding efficiency","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark-testing","display_name":"benchmark tests","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effectiveness-measures","display_name":"effectiveness measures","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-coverage","display_name":"map coverage","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.7741778492927551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.734149694442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.6351240873336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6049656271934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5455777049064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5240878462791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5065070390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.45813727378845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.43819019198417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4267081320285797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39028680324554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2225501537322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.13854041695594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09806856513023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/563274.563306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/563274.563306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086393","display_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/563274.563306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/563274.563306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086393","display_name":"ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071910344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071910344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133246412","https://openalex.org/W3035958525","https://openalex.org/W3105489088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7047204436","https://openalex.org/W2021728781","https://openalex.org/W2910233642","https://openalex.org/W2376365666","https://openalex.org/W2799955368","https://openalex.org/W2124655823","https://openalex.org/W7011452170","https://openalex.org/W3131122457","https://openalex.org/W3110079092","https://openalex.org/W2213040429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Means":[0],"of":[1,20,33,58,100,126,137,145,150,169,176,186,200,216],"capturing":[2],"and":[3,17,26,43,68,76,196,220],"encoding":[4,131],"cartographic":[5,111,132],"data":[6,59,66,133],"for":[7,35,64,110,121],"machine":[8],"processing":[9,44,69,122],"is":[10,91,134],"a":[11,30,54,166,184],"major":[12,128],"issue":[13],"in":[14,130,162,192,227],"the":[15,18,65,72,97,127,135,143,146,155,159,174,177,198,214,228],"design":[16],"development":[19],"geographic":[21,124],"information":[22,78],"systems.":[23],"The":[24],"available":[25],"potential":[27],"technology":[28],"constitutes":[29],"bewildering":[31],"array":[32],"choices":[34],"system":[36,202],"designers":[37],"from":[38],"which":[39,140,235],"to":[40,46,86,96,141,154,157,173,194,208,230],"select":[41],"formats":[42],"capabilities":[45,120],"meet":[47],"user":[48],"applications.":[49],"Designers":[50],"are":[51,80,183],"not":[52,81],"provided":[53],"very":[55],"precise":[56],"statement":[57],"requirements":[60,63],"(or":[61],"fidelity":[62],"capture":[67],"system);":[70],"therefore,":[71],"tolerable":[73,77],"distortion":[74],"rates":[75],"losses":[79],"well":[82,109],"expressed":[83],"so":[84],"as":[85,95,103],"assess":[87,142],"coding":[88],"efficiencies.":[89],"Nor":[90],"there":[92],"substantial":[93],"agreement":[94],"appropriate":[98],"breadth":[99],"comparative":[101],"tests,":[102],"some":[104],"systems":[105,115,218,236],"can":[106],"replicate":[107,158],"coverages":[108],"purposes,":[112],"while":[113,165],"other":[114],"may":[116],"provide":[117],"stronger":[118],"analytical":[119],"encoded":[123],"data.One":[125],"problems":[129],"lack":[136],"measures":[138,152,171,188],"by":[139,234],"effectiveness":[144,151,170,187,199,215],"coding.":[147],"One":[148],"set":[149,168],"relates":[153,172],"ability":[156,229],"source":[160,205],"document":[161,206],"map":[163,178],"form,":[164],"second":[167],"use":[175],"or":[179],"coverage":[180],"data.":[181],"There":[182],"number":[185],"that":[189,211],"need":[190],"developing":[191],"order":[193],"compare":[195],"test":[197,213],"alternative":[201,217],"approaches.":[203],"A":[204],"constructed":[207],"possess":[209],"features":[210],"will":[212],"fairly":[219],"equitably":[221],"needs":[222],"development.":[223],"This":[224],"would":[225],"result":[226],"establish":[231],"benchmark":[232],"tests":[233],"could":[237],"be":[238],"compared.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
