{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071728536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","title":"Intrathecal inflammation precedes development of Alzheimer's disease","display_name":"Intrathecal inflammation precedes development of Alzheimer's disease","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071728536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","mag":"2071728536","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933918","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1738668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","pdf_url":"https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/74/9/1200.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134773490","display_name":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry","issn_l":"0022-3050","issn":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/74/9/1200.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062058370","display_name":"Elisabeth Tarkowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Tarkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden. elisabeth.tarkowski@immuno.gu.se","Department of Rheumatology, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-413 46 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology, University of G\u00f6teborg, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden. elisabeth.tarkowski@immuno.gu.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-413 46 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062058370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4059,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":506,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93894522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"9","first_page":"1200","last_page":"1205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.1031000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.053599998354911804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-biomarkers","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal-inflammation","display_name":"intrathecal inflammation","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-csf","display_name":"GM-CSF","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tau-protein","display_name":"tau protein","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-beta","display_name":"amyloid-beta","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-metabolism","display_name":"amyloid metabolism","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-progression","display_name":"disease progression","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.8104794025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.6811413168907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6644065380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.639939546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.6356702446937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6322823762893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.6285563707351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5594587922096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.5222602486610413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11988809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412889","display_name":"Interleukin 6","level":3,"score":0.49806737899780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778670691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419507","display_name":"Tau protein","level":4,"score":0.49630290269851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43320131301879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4270121455192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4176179766654968}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007375","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016229","descriptor_name":"Amyloid beta-Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016875","descriptor_name":"tau Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058225","descriptor_name":"Plaque, Amyloid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","pdf_url":"https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/74/9/1200.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134773490","display_name":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry","issn_l":"0022-3050","issn":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1738668","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1738668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12933918","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12933918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1200","pdf_url":"https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/74/9/1200.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134773490","display_name":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry","issn_l":"0022-3050","issn":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310530","display_name":"Rune och Ulla Aml\u00f6vs Stiftelse f\u00f6r Neurologisk och Reumatologisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/02bctrh07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322169","display_name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/052261q33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323368","display_name":"G\u00f6teborgs L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskap","ror":"https://ror.org/02mmcvz81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324618","display_name":"Svenska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","ror":"https://ror.org/016ks4x90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324738","display_name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/02szc9j24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071728536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071728536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29178238","https://openalex.org/W38490725","https://openalex.org/W231832547","https://openalex.org/W1537407495","https://openalex.org/W1572068458","https://openalex.org/W1579289250","https://openalex.org/W1607428171","https://openalex.org/W1617304195","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1981513372","https://openalex.org/W1984185140","https://openalex.org/W1988254695","https://openalex.org/W1989658278","https://openalex.org/W1997332384","https://openalex.org/W2000334999","https://openalex.org/W2001751662","https://openalex.org/W2007350172","https://openalex.org/W2008162897","https://openalex.org/W2008854521","https://openalex.org/W2016575029","https://openalex.org/W2022715357","https://openalex.org/W2023396428","https://openalex.org/W2033165220","https://openalex.org/W2037141117","https://openalex.org/W2040528920","https://openalex.org/W2046847750","https://openalex.org/W2052945978","https://openalex.org/W2068225545","https://openalex.org/W2068362734","https://openalex.org/W2071695496","https://openalex.org/W2072691846","https://openalex.org/W2074274825","https://openalex.org/W2085851888","https://openalex.org/W2086180819","https://openalex.org/W2111565797","https://openalex.org/W2116784956","https://openalex.org/W2120648989","https://openalex.org/W2134379460","https://openalex.org/W2148080316","https://openalex.org/W2154746915","https://openalex.org/W2156220037","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2163641346","https://openalex.org/W2167311298","https://openalex.org/W2168897511","https://openalex.org/W2240711687","https://openalex.org/W2328739188","https://openalex.org/W2432599931","https://openalex.org/W4233966008","https://openalex.org/W4241388204","https://openalex.org/W4254703930","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4327847235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122646196","https://openalex.org/W3021315690","https://openalex.org/W2305424123","https://openalex.org/W2348703273","https://openalex.org/W2160673058","https://openalex.org/W1991883679","https://openalex.org/W2909175137","https://openalex.org/W2023105849","https://openalex.org/W2381409183","https://openalex.org/W159124181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"analyse":[2],"the":[3,9,22,42,115,130,176,196,204,236],"cerebrospinal":[4],"fluid":[5],"(CSF)":[6],"values":[7],"of":[8,21,26,34,44,59,62,100,109,121,155,181,195,203,238],"proinflammatory":[10,197],"cytokines,":[11],"interleukin":[12],"1beta":[13],"(IL1beta),":[14],"tumour":[15],"necrosis":[16],"factor":[17],"alpha":[18],"(TNFalpha),":[19],"GM-CSF,":[20,65],"anti-inflammatory":[23,205],"cytokine":[24,206],"TGFbeta,":[25,66],"tau":[27,69,103],"protein,":[28],"a":[29,38,218,232],"marker":[30],"for":[31],"neurodegeneration,":[32],"and":[33,68,85,102,105,111,200,226],"beta":[35],"amyloid":[36],"(Abeta),":[37],"protein":[39,70,104],"involved":[40],"in":[41,47,75,86,167,187,208,222,235],"formation":[43],"senile":[45],"plaques,":[46],"prospectively":[48,84],"followed":[49,82],"up":[50,83],"patients":[51,77,125,133,142,169,209],"with":[52,78,94,114,210],"mild":[53],"cognitive":[54],"impairment":[55],"(MCI).":[56],"METHODS:":[57],"Analyses":[58],"CSF":[60,153],"levels":[61,99,108,154,163],"TNFalpha,":[63],"IL1beta,":[64],"betaa,":[67],"were":[71,81,164],"performed":[72],"using":[73],"ELISA":[74],"56":[76],"MCI":[79,95,128,141,168,211],"who":[80,143],"25":[87,124],"age":[88],"matched,":[89],"healthy":[90,116],"controls.":[91,117,158],"RESULTS:":[92],"Patients":[93],"displayed":[96,127],"significantly":[97,106,151],"higher":[98,152],"TNFalpha":[101,156,199],"lower":[107],"TGFbeta":[110,207],"Abeta":[112,182],"compared":[113],"After":[118],"nine":[119],"months":[120],"follow":[122,148],"up,":[123,149],"still":[126],"while":[129],"remaining":[131],"31":[132],"had":[134],"progressed":[135,144,171],"to":[136,145,172,214],"Alzheimer's":[137],"disease":[138],"(AD).":[139],"Only":[140],"AD":[146],"at":[147,212],"showed":[150],"than":[157],"In":[159],"addition,":[160],"reduced":[161],"CSF-Abeta42":[162],"only":[165],"found":[166],"that":[170,178,228],"AD,":[173,216],"further":[174],"supporting":[175],"notion":[177],"disturbed":[179],"metabolism":[180],"is":[183,231],"an":[184],"early":[185,233],"finding":[186],"AD.":[188,239],"CONCLUSIONS:":[189],"These":[190],"results":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"increased":[193],"production":[194,202],"cytokine,":[198],"decreased":[201],"risk":[213],"develop":[215],"suggesting":[217],"propensity":[219],"towards":[220],"inflammation":[221,230],"this":[223],"patient":[224],"group":[225],"indicating":[227],"CNS":[229],"hallmark":[234],"pathogenesis":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
