{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071064656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","title":"Race, Residence, Discrimination, and Economic Opportunity","display_name":"Race, Residence, Discrimination, and Economic Opportunity","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071064656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","mag":"2071064656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/004208168802400106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179682","display_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","issn_l":"0042-0816","issn":["0042-0816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017634312","display_name":"George Galster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-0898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-0898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118746106","display_name":"College of Wooster","ror":"https://ror.org/029zqs055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118746106"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George C. Galster","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Wooster"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Wooster","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118746106"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029817396","display_name":"W. Mark Keeney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118746106","display_name":"College of Wooster","ror":"https://ror.org/029zqs055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118746106"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Mark Keeney","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Wooster"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Wooster","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118746106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118746106"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.6169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98827429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"87","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-residential-segregation","display_name":"racial residential segregation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-discrimination","display_name":"housing discrimination","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-segregation","display_name":"occupational segregation","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-income-gap","display_name":"racial income gap","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-opportunities","display_name":"economic opportunities","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desegregation-policy","display_name":"desegregation policy","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-areas","display_name":"metropolitan areas","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.835798978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6832112669944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6788926720619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779361081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48532","display_name":"Desegregation","level":2,"score":0.5974416136741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5910397171974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5581000447273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.4398399293422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776254235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5916202","display_name":"Housing discrimination","level":2,"score":0.42838871479034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4227880835533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39829331636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.356204092502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.32103225588798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.24630418419837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1993630826473236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/004208168802400106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168802400106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179682","display_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","issn_l":"0042-0816","issn":["0042-0816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urban Affairs Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92713006","https://openalex.org/W609676676","https://openalex.org/W659040595","https://openalex.org/W1964154828","https://openalex.org/W1968010740","https://openalex.org/W1974680810","https://openalex.org/W1974812341","https://openalex.org/W1977192965","https://openalex.org/W1984745075","https://openalex.org/W1985370932","https://openalex.org/W1990250962","https://openalex.org/W1994413315","https://openalex.org/W1998546795","https://openalex.org/W2000703312","https://openalex.org/W2006118249","https://openalex.org/W2006606563","https://openalex.org/W2008192202","https://openalex.org/W2027066483","https://openalex.org/W2028821031","https://openalex.org/W2029513560","https://openalex.org/W2035364948","https://openalex.org/W2044057509","https://openalex.org/W2046372703","https://openalex.org/W2047152159","https://openalex.org/W2048918812","https://openalex.org/W2051950769","https://openalex.org/W2054172565","https://openalex.org/W2055904865","https://openalex.org/W2056955223","https://openalex.org/W2058428373","https://openalex.org/W2069507390","https://openalex.org/W2071123007","https://openalex.org/W2075284595","https://openalex.org/W2079318668","https://openalex.org/W2081452326","https://openalex.org/W2082916320","https://openalex.org/W2091346138","https://openalex.org/W2092477965","https://openalex.org/W2094536726","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2138546959","https://openalex.org/W2150075326","https://openalex.org/W2150805321","https://openalex.org/W2198100838","https://openalex.org/W2316057876","https://openalex.org/W2316153770","https://openalex.org/W2319894609","https://openalex.org/W2482405434","https://openalex.org/W2506068824","https://openalex.org/W2506454758","https://openalex.org/W2566933209","https://openalex.org/W2795598699","https://openalex.org/W2796091093","https://openalex.org/W2798582012","https://openalex.org/W2915333566","https://openalex.org/W4241437310","https://openalex.org/W4256598261","https://openalex.org/W4300800644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051950769","https://openalex.org/W2006118249","https://openalex.org/W1585334217","https://openalex.org/W2151326036","https://openalex.org/W1593332186","https://openalex.org/W2941189130","https://openalex.org/W2319360213","https://openalex.org/W7098856378","https://openalex.org/W2035326202","https://openalex.org/W6981584917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"cross-sectional":[1],"simultaneous":[2],"equation":[3],"model":[4],"is":[5],"specified":[6],"wherein":[7],"metropolitan-wide":[8],"levels":[9],"of":[10,35,42,78,96],"racial":[11,50],"residential":[12],"segregation,":[13],"housing":[14,93,98],"discrimination,":[15],"interracial":[16,64],"occupational":[17,56],"dissimilarities,":[18],"and":[19,67,94],"black/white":[20],"mean":[21],"incomes":[22],"are":[23,26,99],"endogenous.":[24],"Parameters":[25],"estimated":[27],"via":[28],"two-stage":[29],"least-squares":[30],"for":[31,83],"a":[32,59],"1980":[33],"sample":[34],"40":[36],"SMSAs.":[37],"Results":[38],"support":[39],"the":[40,47,70,76],"hypothesis":[41],"mutually":[43],"causal":[44],"interrelationships":[45],"among":[46],"aforementioned":[48],"urban":[49],"phenomena.":[51],"Simulations":[52],"suggest":[53],"that":[54],"narrowing":[55],"differentials":[57],"played":[58],"major":[60],"role":[61],"in":[62,106],"reducing":[63],"income":[65],"differences":[66],"segregation":[68],"during":[69],"1970s.":[71],"Hypothetical":[72],"policy":[73],"simulations":[74],"indicate":[75],"efficacy":[77],"an":[79],"economic":[80],"opportunity":[81],"strategy":[82],"indirectly":[84],"promoting":[85],"desegregation,":[86],"although":[87],"direct":[88],"approaches":[89],"such":[90],"as":[91],"fair":[92],"dispersal":[95],"moderate-cost":[97],"also":[100],"predicted":[101],"to":[102],"yield":[103],"large":[104],"reductions":[105],"segregation.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}