{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070985643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","title":"Water Content and NMR Relaxation Time Gradients in the Rabbit Kidney","display_name":"Water Content and NMR Relaxation Time Gradients in the Rabbit Kidney","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070985643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","mag":"2070985643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3943954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136338150","display_name":"Investigative Radiology","issn_l":"0020-9996","issn":["0020-9996","1536-0210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111477512","display_name":"Harold L. Kundel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HAROLD L. KUNDEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082870972","display_name":"Bruce Schlakman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BRUCE SCHLAKMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102356443","display_name":"Peter M. Joseph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PETER M. JOSEPH","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103250853","display_name":"Joel E. Fishman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-905X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-905X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOEL E. FISHMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016047550","display_name":"Ronald M. Summers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-7376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-7376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RONALD SUMMERS","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Pendergrass Diagnostic Radiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9102609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.033799998462200165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney","display_name":"kidney","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-lattice-relaxation-time","display_name":"T1 relaxation time","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-relaxation-time","display_name":"T2 relaxation time","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydration","display_name":"hydration","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydration","display_name":"dehydration","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-medulla","display_name":"renal medulla","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-cortex","display_name":"renal cortex","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo-mri","display_name":"in vivo MRI","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rabbits","display_name":"rabbits","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778769901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194290","display_name":"Dehydration","level":2,"score":0.7665108442306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17291353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6807308","display_name":"Medulla","level":2,"score":0.7405272722244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7010772824287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.6248798370361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.6234501004219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.57923424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5656748414039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5065914392471313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36703968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650674","display_name":"Spin\u2013lattice relaxation","level":3,"score":0.45981937646865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.4506620466709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3440777063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19860821962356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.19032540917396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14584290981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13407638669013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11646786332130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08884769678115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.057970792055130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778981401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638540","display_name":"Nuclear quadrupole resonance","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001834","descriptor_name":"Body Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003681","descriptor_name":"Dehydration","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007672","descriptor_name":"Kidney Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007679","descriptor_name":"Kidney Medulla","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011817","descriptor_name":"Rabbits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012079","descriptor_name":"Renal Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198601000-00002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136338150","display_name":"Investigative Radiology","issn_l":"0020-9996","issn":["0020-9996","1536-0210"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3943954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3943954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative radiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845240168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5-T32-HD-07217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G525657002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5T32 GM0717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234318395","https://openalex.org/W2151203339","https://openalex.org/W2014583735","https://openalex.org/W3203500725","https://openalex.org/W3083735754","https://openalex.org/W1987384753","https://openalex.org/W1973893796","https://openalex.org/W1975112123","https://openalex.org/W191166932","https://openalex.org/W2081042876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"resonance":[1],"images":[2],"were":[3,105],"made":[4],"of":[5,13,19,30,43,64],"rabbits":[6],"at":[7,61],"1.4":[8],"tesla":[9],"for":[10,85,114],"the":[11,15,20,25,33,37,62,65,89,92,121],"purpose":[12],"measuring":[14],"T1":[16,42,52,96,116],"relaxation":[17,69,99],"times":[18,100],"kidney":[21],"in":[22,27,91,107],"vivo":[23],"with":[24,54,77,120],"animal":[26],"different":[28],"states":[29],"hydration.":[31],"In":[32],"normally":[34],"hydrated":[35],"animal,":[36],"outer":[38],"cortex":[39],"has":[40],"a":[41,50],"about":[44,58],"600":[45],"msec":[46,60],"and":[47,97,101,117],"there":[48],"was":[49,72],"steep":[51],"gradient":[53,71],"an":[55],"increase":[56],"to":[57],"1200":[59],"tip":[63],"inner":[66,93],"medulla.":[67,94],"The":[68,95,112],"time":[70],"not":[73],"affected":[74],"by":[75,82],"overhydration":[76],"intravenous":[78],"fluid,":[79],"but":[80],"dehydration":[81],"withholding":[83],"water":[84,103,124],"24":[86],"hours":[87],"decreased":[88],"values":[90,113],"T2":[98,118],"total":[102],"content":[104],"measured":[106],"vitro":[108],"on":[109],"tissue":[110],"samples.":[111],"both":[115],"correlated":[119],"regional":[122],"renal":[123],"content.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}