{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070977828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","title":"Free banking and credit creation: Implications for business cycle theory","display_name":"Free banking and credit creation: Implications for business cycle theory","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070977828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","mag":"2070977828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64915403","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics","issn_l":"1098-3708","issn":["1098-3708","1936-4806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031908551","display_name":"John P. Cochran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879689382","display_name":"Metropolitan State University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/03mnxwj46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Cochran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060674273","display_name":"Steven T. Call","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879689382","display_name":"Metropolitan State University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/03mnxwj46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven T. Call","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879689382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"35","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.46239998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.46239998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.19539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.16269999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-banking","display_name":"free banking","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-creation","display_name":"credit creation","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-cycle-theory","display_name":"business cycle theory","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/austrian-business-cycle-theory","display_name":"Austrian business cycle theory","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ludwig-von-mises","display_name":"Ludwig von Mises","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-theory","display_name":"monetary theory","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-as-a-store-of-value","display_name":"money as store of value","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-of-exchange","display_name":"medium of exchange","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boom-bust-cycles","display_name":"boom-bust cycles","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-reform","display_name":"monetary reform","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-theory","display_name":"capital theory","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7715437412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83873408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192311","display_name":"Business cycle","level":2,"score":0.5507822036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5350303053855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.5282382369041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147842934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187142","display_name":"Time value of money","level":2,"score":0.4994680881500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.4845687448978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.47123798727989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4474402666091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993719666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary theory","level":3,"score":0.44293344020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778929795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17489160","display_name":"Bust","level":3,"score":0.4366917014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.3291417360305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2602465748786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12113-000-1019-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64915403","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics","issn_l":"1098-3708","issn":["1098-3708","1936-4806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283458538","https://openalex.org/W375405251","https://openalex.org/W592403630","https://openalex.org/W1517813861","https://openalex.org/W1530362166","https://openalex.org/W1542674230","https://openalex.org/W1552178786","https://openalex.org/W1580338118","https://openalex.org/W1586286259","https://openalex.org/W1598609292","https://openalex.org/W1924913069","https://openalex.org/W1973424524","https://openalex.org/W1977666465","https://openalex.org/W1982183861","https://openalex.org/W1987294889","https://openalex.org/W1987572798","https://openalex.org/W2003083582","https://openalex.org/W2013904466","https://openalex.org/W2015822261","https://openalex.org/W2018392187","https://openalex.org/W2021796982","https://openalex.org/W2026040891","https://openalex.org/W2032416885","https://openalex.org/W2040650537","https://openalex.org/W2053201443","https://openalex.org/W2058075094","https://openalex.org/W2072195674","https://openalex.org/W2078178851","https://openalex.org/W2081036323","https://openalex.org/W2089994996","https://openalex.org/W2095169544","https://openalex.org/W2118569291","https://openalex.org/W2134157983","https://openalex.org/W2139578715","https://openalex.org/W2159584759","https://openalex.org/W2169633576","https://openalex.org/W2313845265","https://openalex.org/W2321572838","https://openalex.org/W2323266160","https://openalex.org/W2482947312","https://openalex.org/W2567778057","https://openalex.org/W2795715425","https://openalex.org/W2797062887","https://openalex.org/W3107377227","https://openalex.org/W3122186411","https://openalex.org/W3122925249","https://openalex.org/W3142862859","https://openalex.org/W4205563771","https://openalex.org/W4232300836","https://openalex.org/W4234602017","https://openalex.org/W4244871578","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289254935","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4298841350","https://openalex.org/W4299837290","https://openalex.org/W4300903110","https://openalex.org/W4301144578","https://openalex.org/W4400458995","https://openalex.org/W6605462438","https://openalex.org/W6608065146","https://openalex.org/W6670471428","https://openalex.org/W6757868656","https://openalex.org/W6817664722","https://openalex.org/W6825501239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100891172","https://openalex.org/W7099801533","https://openalex.org/W7099836574","https://openalex.org/W2188816795","https://openalex.org/W4205611253","https://openalex.org/W1844701507","https://openalex.org/W7111564234","https://openalex.org/W7100085691","https://openalex.org/W3136469462","https://openalex.org/W2912981285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,7,10,34,46,62,68,76,89,114,123,136,142,145,171,194,200,203,245,249],"element":[2,63],"of":[3,9,13,26,64,71,91,103,108,127,132,138,144,156,191,196,248],"Time,":[4],"which":[5,97],"is":[6,18,45,52,153,208],"center":[8,137],"chief":[11,69],"difficulty":[12,70],"almost":[14,72],"every":[15,73],"economic":[16,74],"problem,":[17,75],"itself":[19],"absolutely":[20],"continuous:":[21],"Nature":[22],"knows":[23],"no":[24],"partition":[25],"time":[27,65,143],"into":[28,37],"long":[29,54],"periods":[30],"and":[31,43,81,94,105,158,161,168,198,211,213,232],"short;":[32],"but":[33],"two":[35,243],"shade":[36],"one":[38,50],"another":[39],"by":[40,174,181],"imperceptible":[41],"gradations,":[42],"what":[44,207],"short":[47],"period":[48,55],"for":[49,56,202,227],"problem":[51],"a":[53,101,106,120,154],"another.":[57],"(Marshall":[58],"1936)":[59],"W":[60],"hile":[61],"may":[66,110],"be":[67,111],"difficulties":[77],"are":[78],"most":[79,82,124],"apparent":[80],"persistently":[83],"resist":[84],"generally":[85],"accepted":[86],"solutions":[87],"in":[88,189],"area":[90],"monetary":[92,157,233,239],"theory":[93,152,160],"macroeconomics.":[95],"Money,":[96],"simultaneously":[98],"functions":[99],"as":[100,113,119,235,237],"medium":[102],"exchange":[104],"store":[107,126],"value,":[109],"viewed":[112],"quintessential":[115],"present":[116],"good":[117],"or":[118],"future":[121],"good,":[122],"liquid":[125],"value.":[128],"This":[129,184],"dual":[130],"nature":[131],"money":[133,180],"has":[134],"been":[135],"macroeconomic":[139],"controversy":[140],"since":[141],"classical":[146,246],"economists.":[147],"The":[148],"Austrian":[149],"business":[150,228],"cycle":[151,229],"blend":[155],"capital":[159],"highlights":[162],"coordination":[163],"problems":[164],"connected":[165],"to":[166,221],"\u201ctime":[167],"money.\u201d":[169],"In":[170],"framework":[172],"developed":[173],"Ludwig":[175],"von":[176],"Mises,":[177],"banks":[178,216],"create":[179,217],"creating":[182],"credit.":[183],"created":[185,209],"credit":[186,210],"finances":[187],"investment":[188],"excess":[190],"savings,":[192],"distorts":[193],"structure":[195],"production,":[197],"sets":[199],"stage":[201],"boom\u2013bust":[204],"cycle.":[205],"But":[206],"when":[212],"how":[214],"do":[215],"credit?":[218],"Different":[219],"answers":[220],"this":[222],"question":[223],"yield":[224],"different":[225,238],"implications":[226],"theory,":[230],"research,":[231],"policy,":[234],"well":[236],"reform":[240],"proposals.":[241],"Section":[242],"examines":[244],"roots":[247],"time,":[250],"money,":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
