{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070791978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","title":"Light and Electron Microsopic Observations on the Pathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri in Mouse Brain and Tissue Culture","display_name":"Light and Electron Microsopic Observations on the Pathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri in Mouse Brain and Tissue Culture","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070791978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","mag":"2070791978","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4838474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213139","display_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","issn_l":"0022-3921","issn":["0022-3921","2375-0804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111816256","display_name":"GOVINDA S. VISVESVARA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35344726","display_name":"United States Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I35344726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. S. VISVESVARA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35344726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018972640","display_name":"Carey S. Callaway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35344726","display_name":"United States Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I35344726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. S. CALLAWAY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333","We would like to thank Dr. George R. Healy, Chief, General Parasitology Section, Parasitology Branch, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, for his interest and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for critically reading the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Frederick A. Murphy, chief, Viropathology Laboratory at the Center for Disease Control, for his helpful suggestions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35344726"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"We would like to thank Dr. George R. Healy, Chief, General Parasitology Section, Parasitology Branch, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, for his interest and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for critically reading the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Frederick A. Murphy, chief, Viropathology Laboratory at the Center for Disease Control, for his helpful suggestions","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8046595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11916","display_name":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11916","display_name":"Legionella and Acanthamoeba research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12463","display_name":"Amoebic Infections and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13385","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Mycology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naegleria-fowleri","display_name":"Naegleria fowleri","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-infection","display_name":"brain infection","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis","display_name":"pathogenesis","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytopathic-effect","display_name":"cytopathic effect","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vero-cells","display_name":"Vero cells","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinocytotic-vesicles","display_name":"pinocytotic vesicles","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-vacuoles","display_name":"food vacuoles","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-infiltration","display_name":"neutrophil infiltration","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-lobe","display_name":"olfactory lobe","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-cortex","display_name":"cerebral cortex","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouse-brain","display_name":"mouse brain","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781155112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131273","display_name":"Naegleria fowleri","level":3,"score":0.8002142906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102568950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127702","display_name":"Vacuole","level":3,"score":0.7193148732185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6379328370094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40017333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321362","display_name":"Pinocytosis","level":4,"score":0.6013690829277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89138240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3066564","display_name":"Vero cell","level":3,"score":0.5582298636436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206","display_name":"Vesicle","level":3,"score":0.525311291217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.46742838621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147075424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604780","display_name":"Hemidesmosome","level":3,"score":0.4531351923942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148785051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671136","display_name":"Synaptic vesicle","level":4,"score":0.4452449679374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93877712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132560","display_name":"Electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.4412142336368561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.4364226460456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775996393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149147","display_name":"Cytopathic effect","level":3,"score":0.42497074604034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.349666953086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3281061053276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28005876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189814","display_name":"Endocytosis","level":3,"score":0.28597527742385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2812342047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.22359752655029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.22173836827278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778621254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346415","display_name":"Meningoencephalitis","level":2,"score":0.20970302820205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.19413211941719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32846","display_name":"Basement membrane","level":2,"score":0.1756446659564972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.12551477551460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000562","descriptor_name":"Amebiasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000562","descriptor_name":"Amebiasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000562","descriptor_name":"Amebiasis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000656","descriptor_name":"Amoeba","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000656","descriptor_name":"Amoeba","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001927","descriptor_name":"Brain Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003594","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasmic Granules","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009336","descriptor_name":"Necrosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010873","descriptor_name":"Pinocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213139","display_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","issn_l":"0022-3921","issn":["0022-3921","2375-0804"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Protozoology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4838474","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4838474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of protozoology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124053801","https://openalex.org/W1632464623","https://openalex.org/W1879900969","https://openalex.org/W1958178116","https://openalex.org/W1972207985","https://openalex.org/W1986195590","https://openalex.org/W1989325833","https://openalex.org/W1989773103","https://openalex.org/W1998803800","https://openalex.org/W1998804252","https://openalex.org/W2019126938","https://openalex.org/W2036270058","https://openalex.org/W2053625002","https://openalex.org/W2056827941","https://openalex.org/W2061638475","https://openalex.org/W2067590951","https://openalex.org/W2073182942","https://openalex.org/W2092132764","https://openalex.org/W2123018141","https://openalex.org/W2137203430","https://openalex.org/W2151738192","https://openalex.org/W2214483804","https://openalex.org/W2308795916","https://openalex.org/W2318770687","https://openalex.org/W2328082002","https://openalex.org/W2334838056","https://openalex.org/W2409920535","https://openalex.org/W2410667607","https://openalex.org/W2411858653","https://openalex.org/W2613925651","https://openalex.org/W3148588680","https://openalex.org/W3213563054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2246607082","https://openalex.org/W2086847470","https://openalex.org/W2127606426","https://openalex.org/W2139656848","https://openalex.org/W4407211290","https://openalex.org/W2041027122","https://openalex.org/W2100078595","https://openalex.org/W2222142357","https://openalex.org/W2019260578","https://openalex.org/W2073867616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SYNOPSIS":[0],"Two":[1],"strains":[2],"of":[3,38,64,79,108,123,133,135,159,166,204,217,227,237,240,249],"pathogenic":[4],"Naegleria":[5],"were":[6,19,24,84,97,170,197,211],"employed":[7],"to":[8,71],"infect":[9],"mice":[10,23],"and":[11,26,32,48,68,75,93,164,193,215,258],"monkey":[12],"kidney":[13],"(Vero":[14],"line)":[15],"cell":[16,144,160,167,195],"cultures.":[17],"Mice":[18],"infected":[20,40,143],"intranasally.":[21],"Moribund":[22],"sacrificed":[25],"their":[27],"brains":[28],"processed":[29],"for":[30],"light":[31],"electron":[33],"microscopy.":[34],"The":[35,56,142,152,177],"normal":[36],"architecture":[37],"the":[39,45,49,53,62,72,76,88,98,112,121,124,139,147,157,189,201,212,218,223,228,235,255,260],"brain":[41,113,261],"was":[42,59,69,154,231],"completely":[43],"destroyed;":[44],"olfactory":[46,73],"lobes":[47,74],"cerebral":[50,80],"cortex":[51],"showed":[52,146],"heaviest":[54],"damage.":[55],"inflammatory":[57],"response":[58],"mainly":[60],"in":[61,105,111,156,173,198,246],"form":[63,158],"neutrophil":[65],"polymorphs":[66],"(PMN)":[67],"confined":[70],"superficial":[77],"regions":[78],"cortex.":[81],"Numerous":[82],"amebas":[83,256],"seen":[85,172],"interspersed":[86],"with":[87],"degenerating":[89],"neurons,":[90],"glial":[91],"processes,":[92],"PMN.":[94],"Most":[95,208],"conspicuous":[96],"food":[99,241],"vacuoles":[100,242],"which":[101,221],"contained":[102],"host":[103,140,219,244],"tissue":[104,114,262],"various":[106,247],"stages":[107,248],"digestion.":[109,250],"Amebas":[110,169],"also":[115],"produced":[116,180],"many":[117,181],"micropinocytotic":[118],"vesicles":[119,128,184],"from":[120,138],"surface":[122],"plasma":[125,191],"membrane.":[126],"These":[127,251],"are":[129],"interpreted":[130],"as":[131],"vehicles":[132],"transport":[134],"nutritive":[136],"materials":[137],"tissue.":[141],"culture":[145],"characteristic":[148],"cytopathic":[149],"effect":[150],"(CPE).":[151],"CPE":[153],"chiefly":[155],"shrinkage,":[161],"nuclear":[162],"pycnosis":[163],"discontinuity":[165],"sheet.":[168],"often":[171],"an":[174],"intracellular":[175],"location.":[176],"Vero":[178,194],"cells":[179],"fuzzy":[182],"pinocytotic":[183],"at":[185],"these":[186],"loci":[187],"where":[188],"ameba":[190],"membrane":[192,196],"close":[199],"apposition;":[200],"probable":[202],"significance":[203],"this":[205],"is":[206],"discussed.":[207],"impressive,":[209],"however,":[210],"pseudopodial":[213],"formation":[214],"capturing":[216],"material":[220,245],"indicated":[222],"great":[224],"phagocytic":[225],"activity":[226],"amebas.":[229],"This":[230],"confirmed":[232],"further":[233],"by":[234,263],"presence":[236],"large":[238],"numbers":[239],"containing":[243],"observations":[252],"show":[253],"that":[254],"invade":[257],"destroy":[259],"active":[264],"phagocytosis.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
