{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070291908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","title":"John Locke, John Ray, and the problem of the natural system","display_name":"John Locke, John Ray, and the problem of the natural system","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070291908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","mag":"2070291908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11609802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02113485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198798526","display_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","issn_l":"0022-5010","issn":["0022-5010","1573-0387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088533182","display_name":"Phillip R. Sloan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-6949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-6949","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6559-8478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phillip R. Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical History, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical History, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088533182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25622473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.3878999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-locke","display_name":"John Locke","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-ray","display_name":"John Ray","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-systems","display_name":"natural systems","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"taxonomy","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-history","display_name":"natural history","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-biology","display_name":"history of biology","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century-natural-philosophy","display_name":"18th-century natural philosophy","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85659524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201486","display_name":"History of science","level":2,"score":0.6798885464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180182882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028964","display_name":"Philosophy of biology","level":3,"score":0.6464366912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5906217098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5501132011413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190040717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269323","display_name":"Natural philosophy","level":2,"score":0.4323599338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.42807137966156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.40445417165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.35292428731918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.3157384395599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.30006954073905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.15257224440574646}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049692","descriptor_name":"History, Early Modern 1451-1600","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049692","descriptor_name":"History, Early Modern 1451-1600","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049692","descriptor_name":"History, Early Modern 1451-1600","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02113485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02113485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198798526","display_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","issn_l":"0022-5010","issn":["0022-5010","1573-0387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the History of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11609802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11609802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the history of biology","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161310385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006330394","https://openalex.org/W2002473666","https://openalex.org/W2080497892","https://openalex.org/W2031578861","https://openalex.org/W7208664620","https://openalex.org/W2616355556","https://openalex.org/W2891010696","https://openalex.org/W2327181724","https://openalex.org/W2067462517","https://openalex.org/W2037250732"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}