{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070126337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: when they are useful and when to be careful","display_name":"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: when they are useful and when to be careful","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070126337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","mag":"2070126337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/ki.2009.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97303050","display_name":"Kidney International","issn_l":"0085-2538","issn":["0085-2538","1523-1755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079562527","display_name":"Marlies Noordzij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-340X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-340X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802928900","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03t4gr691","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marlies Noordzij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.noordzij@amc.uva.nl","Department of Medical Informatics, ERA\u2013EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.noordzij@amc.uva.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, ERA\u2013EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050066824","display_name":"Lotty Hooft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-2980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-2980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802928900","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03t4gr691","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lotty Hooft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dutch Cochrane Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dutch Cochrane Centre, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086997559","display_name":"Friedo Wilhelm Dekker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-2494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-2494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedo W. Dekker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337","https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054081924","display_name":"Carmine Zoccali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-1996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-1996"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmine Zoccali","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR\u2013IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Renal and Transplantation Unit, Ospedali Riunti, Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR\u2013IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Renal and Transplantation Unit, Ospedali Riunti, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046569845","display_name":"Kitty J. Jager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-8569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-8569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802928900","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03t4gr691","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kitty J. Jager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Informatics, ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079562527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802928900","https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48837209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"11","first_page":"1130","last_page":"1136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-reviews","display_name":"systematic reviews","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"meta-analysis","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-appraisal","display_name":"critical appraisal","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias","display_name":"publication bias","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-bias","display_name":"reporting bias","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-heterogeneity","display_name":"study heterogeneity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-estimation","display_name":"effect estimation","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.7766252756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7690509557723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780439572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364","display_name":"Publication bias","level":3,"score":0.6251480579376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.6112194657325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5490142703056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.5061723589897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4783429801464081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4582142233848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4538135230541229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.44890114665031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4392739534378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42038625478744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34170544147491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33381807804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2781989574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2185521125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.16287106275558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1451365351676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10590857267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09462094306945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07764804363250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012196","descriptor_name":"Review Literature as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/ki.2009.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97303050","display_name":"Kidney International","issn_l":"0085-2538","issn":["0085-2538","1523-1755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19727062","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney international","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:amcpub:oai:pure.amc.nl:publications/e943f4ce-55d5-46b7-855b-85de69eb8c39","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amc.nl/en/publications/systematic-reviews-and-metaanalyses-when-they-are-useful-and-when-to-be-careful(e943f4ce-55d5-46b7-855b-85de69eb8c39).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kidney international, 76(11), 1130 - 1136. Nature Publishing Group","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7fbc9c7c-89d9-4424-92bc-f1b15e21ed6f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/7fbc9c7c-89d9-4424-92bc-f1b15e21ed6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Noordzij, M, Hooft, L, Dekker, F W, Zoccali, C & Jager, K J 2009, 'Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: when they are useful and when to be careful', Kidney international, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 1130-1136. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:155908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/155908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/ki.2009.339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97303050","display_name":"Kidney International","issn_l":"0085-2538","issn":["0085-2538","1523-1755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kidney International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501619595","https://openalex.org/W1532250212","https://openalex.org/W1572319397","https://openalex.org/W1972028124","https://openalex.org/W1973232037","https://openalex.org/W1978868802","https://openalex.org/W1979892926","https://openalex.org/W1993266652","https://openalex.org/W2000442546","https://openalex.org/W2011804598","https://openalex.org/W2014855190","https://openalex.org/W2018152980","https://openalex.org/W2022515531","https://openalex.org/W2031385454","https://openalex.org/W2036178344","https://openalex.org/W2063868657","https://openalex.org/W2064966350","https://openalex.org/W2077421021","https://openalex.org/W2084056140","https://openalex.org/W2091959199","https://openalex.org/W2095623039","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2112339576","https://openalex.org/W2119790985","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2137042923","https://openalex.org/W2145208874","https://openalex.org/W2152240392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131157862","https://openalex.org/W2028991902","https://openalex.org/W197330760","https://openalex.org/W7216775026","https://openalex.org/W2489100943","https://openalex.org/W2140716907","https://openalex.org/W2185227155","https://openalex.org/W1977566467","https://openalex.org/W4236976604","https://openalex.org/W2086877703"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}