{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069971183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","title":"Economic Feasibility Study of Variable Irrigation of Corn Production in Southeast Coastal Plain","display_name":"Economic Feasibility Study of Variable Irrigation of Corn Production in Southeast Coastal Plain","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069971183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","mag":"2069971183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1300/j064v26n03_08","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186973","display_name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","issn_l":"1044-0046","issn":["1044-0046","1540-7578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111714825","display_name":"Yao\u2010Chi Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Chi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032571973","display_name":"Edward John Sadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-8340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-8340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. John Sadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-ARS Cropping Systems & Water Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Engineering Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 20705"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-ARS Cropping Systems & Water Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Engineering Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 20705","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111805474","display_name":"Carl R. Camp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl R. Camp","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, 29502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-ARS, Florence, SC, 29502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"69","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-rate-irrigation","display_name":"variable rate irrigation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-production","display_name":"maize production","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-feasibility","display_name":"economic feasibility","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-pivot-irrigation","display_name":"center pivot irrigation","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-production-function","display_name":"water production function","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water-cost","display_name":"irrigation water cost","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-returns","display_name":"net returns","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-carolina","display_name":"South Carolina","score":0.9750000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7736988067626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6580394506454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5930547118186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145760622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174915","display_name":"Variable cost","level":2,"score":0.5655084848403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5519136190414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201201562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744831","display_name":"Center pivot irrigation","level":3,"score":0.5486739873886108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5178611278533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181230689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192472","display_name":"Net present value","level":3,"score":0.43366384506225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3182295560836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17916560173034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1722646951675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.13544777035713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09957709908485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1300/j064v26n03_08","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j064v26n03_08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186973","display_name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","issn_l":"1044-0046","issn":["1044-0046","1540-7578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1121621995","https://openalex.org/W1529011903","https://openalex.org/W1547230297","https://openalex.org/W1981185626","https://openalex.org/W1990670812","https://openalex.org/W1992121777","https://openalex.org/W1995819951","https://openalex.org/W2063672488","https://openalex.org/W2071346090","https://openalex.org/W2071591588","https://openalex.org/W2117063785","https://openalex.org/W2219133945","https://openalex.org/W2220893307","https://openalex.org/W2485802740","https://openalex.org/W4392750738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557629937","https://openalex.org/W2008404817","https://openalex.org/W1854140219","https://openalex.org/W7166329993","https://openalex.org/W3195662130","https://openalex.org/W6950126662","https://openalex.org/W2587198602","https://openalex.org/W3129089282","https://openalex.org/W2960928159","https://openalex.org/W6945025507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,26,37,59,82,90,94,110,119,124,128,141,158,161,169,177,194,206],"economic":[4],"feasibility":[5],"of":[6,11,62,104,112,164,171,180,196],"variable":[7],"rate":[8],"applications":[9,72,84,96,189],"(VRA)":[10],"irrigation":[12,30,63,106,181],"water":[13,49,64,107,182],"in":[14,132],"corn":[15],"production.":[16],"The":[17,40,78,102],"data":[18],"were":[19,73,143],"obtained":[20],"from":[21,70],"an":[22],"experiment":[23,134],"conducted":[24],"at":[25,32,175],"site-specific":[27],"center":[28],"pivot":[29],"facility":[31],"Florence,":[33],"SC,":[34],"INTERNAT,":[35],"during":[36],"1999-2001":[38],"seasons.":[39],"field":[41],"was":[42,52,135],"divided":[43],"into":[44],"396":[45],"plots":[46],"and":[47,100,199,219,222],"a":[48],"production":[50],"function":[51],"estimated":[53],"for":[54,65,137,153,157,190],"each":[55,66],"plot":[56],"to":[57,187],"determine":[58],"optimal":[60],"amount":[61],"plot.":[67],"Net":[68],"returns":[69,88],"VRA":[71,83],"compared":[74,186],"with":[75,123],"uniform":[76,91,188],"applications.":[77,92],"results":[79],"indicate":[80],"that":[81,148],"yielded":[85],"larger":[86],"net":[87],"than":[89,118,146,168],"However,":[93,193],"VRT":[95,125,129,165,178,213],"require":[97],"additional":[98,120,162],"equipment":[99,198,221],"control.":[101],"benefits":[103,170],"reduced":[105],"costs":[108,121,142,163,195,207],"plus":[109],"value":[111],"increased":[113],"yields":[114],"must":[115],"be":[116,209],"greater":[117],"associated":[122],"application.":[126],"Because":[127],"system":[130],"used":[131,152],"this":[133],"built":[136],"experimental":[138],"research":[139],"purpose,":[140],"much":[144,210],"higher":[145],"those":[147],"would":[149,208],"have":[150],"been":[151],"commercial":[154,159],"growers.":[155],"Even":[156],"system,":[160],"are":[166,201,224],"more":[167],"using":[172],"VRT.":[173],"Thus,":[174],"present,":[176],"application":[179],"is":[183,214],"not":[184],"profitable":[185],"South":[191],"Carolina.":[192],"these":[197,220],"controls":[200,223],"declining":[202],"over":[203],"time.":[204],"Furthermore,":[205],"smaller":[211],"when":[212],"widely":[215],"adopted":[216],"by":[217],"producers":[218],"mass-produced.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}