{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069945396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","title":"Soil and Canopy Energy Balances of a Row Crop at Partial Cover","display_name":"Soil and Canopy Energy Balances of a Row Crop at Partial Cover","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069945396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","mag":"2069945396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068576881","display_name":"Jay M. Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-4193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-4193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy; Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy; Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062999596","display_name":"J. L. Heilman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. L. Heilman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci. Texas A&M Univ. College Station TX 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci. Texas A&M Univ. College Station TX 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069960078","display_name":"Robert J. Lascano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-7154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-7154"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Lascano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Lubbock TX 79401"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Lubbock TX 79401","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068576881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92460015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"4","first_page":"744","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.8320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.8320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.06469999998807907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-energy-balance","display_name":"soil energy balance","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-energy-balance","display_name":"canopy energy balance","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-crops","display_name":"row crops","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-heat-flux","display_name":"latent heat flux","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensible-heat-flux","display_name":"sensible heat flux","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton","display_name":"cotton","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gossypium-hirsutum","display_name":"Gossypium hirsutum","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowen-ratio","display_name":"Bowen ratio","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sap-flow","display_name":"sap flow","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transpiration","display_name":"transpiration","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"irrigation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"leaf area index","score":0.7549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58024561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721","display_name":"Latent heat","level":2,"score":0.8480762243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.8168899416923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.7196884751319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59242433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480581","display_name":"Sensible heat","level":2,"score":0.6997778415679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6720694303512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112889943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895404","display_name":"Bowen ratio","level":3,"score":0.6088545918464661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776366211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052671","display_name":"Row crop","level":3,"score":0.550762414932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4600387215614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157517311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167980","display_name":"Transpiration","level":3,"score":0.4590017795562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.4389904737472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206815995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341307","display_name":"Energy flow","level":3,"score":0.42974579334259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.42622387409210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55519028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377054","display_name":"Energy flux","level":2,"score":0.41796037554740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41520172357559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.39958029985427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.389493465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3829609751701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15195605158805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.1484072208404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11675602197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1157262921333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.10618630051612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08685916662216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0742906928062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.06778571009635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040019x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075728411","https://openalex.org/W2084572992","https://openalex.org/W7098498461","https://openalex.org/W2141021019","https://openalex.org/W2613068521","https://openalex.org/W7097666466","https://openalex.org/W1975959908","https://openalex.org/W2093097379","https://openalex.org/W7028180861","https://openalex.org/W7120833241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"When":[1,184],"crops":[2,281],"are":[3],"grown":[4],"in":[5,44,279],"a":[6,50],"row":[7,280],"configuration,":[8],"heat":[9,72,76,92,164,195,249],"and":[10,20,41,54,105,125,166,182,200,208,234,266,277],"mass":[11],"transfer":[12,269],"within":[13,142],"the":[14,18,24,35,39,65,79,95,101,115,120,132,143,167,175,185,190,198,226,251],"soil\u2010canopy":[15],"system":[16,145],"influence":[17],"energy":[19,36,67,121,140,154,157,268],"water":[21],"balance":[22,37,122,169],"of":[23,38,52,89,139,180,210,222,238,284],"crop.":[25],"Field":[26],"experiments":[27],"were":[28,61,109,159],"conducted":[29],"near":[30],"Lubbock,":[31],"TX,":[32],"to":[33,63,118,236,273],"examine":[34],"soil":[40,55,96,116,124,186,199,245],"canopy":[42,81,126,191,252],"separately,":[43],"cotton":[45],"(Gossypium":[46],"hirsutum":[47],"L.)":[48],"under":[49],"variety":[51],"aerial":[53],"moisture":[56],"conditions.":[57],"Bowen":[58],"ratio":[59],"techniques":[60],"used":[62],"obtain":[64],"field":[66],"balance,":[68],"including":[69],"total":[70],"latent":[71],"flux":[73,77,93],"(LE).":[74],"Latent":[75,91],"from":[78,85,94,197,250],"crop":[80],"(LEc":[82],"was":[83,98,188,230],"determined":[84],"sap":[86],"flow":[87],"measurements":[88,108,113,138],"transpiration.":[90],"(LEs)":[97],"computed":[99],"as":[100],"daerence":[102],"between":[103],"LE":[104],"LEc.":[106],"These":[107],"coupled":[110],"with":[111],"radiation":[112,168],"at":[114,242],"surface":[117,187,246],"partition":[119],"into":[123],"components":[127],"every":[128],"12":[129],"min":[130],"throughout":[131],"day.":[133],"Results":[134],"indicate":[135],"that":[136,263],"detailed":[137],"exchange":[141],"soil\u2010canopy\u2010atmosphere":[144],"can":[146],"be":[147,271],"obtained":[148],"without":[149],"making":[150],"simplifying":[151],"assumptions":[152],"about":[153],"transfer.":[155],"Daily":[156],"balances":[158],"strongly":[160],"influenced":[161],"by":[162],"sensible":[163,194,248],"transport,":[165],"alone":[170],"did":[171],"not":[172],"account":[173],"for":[174,204,218],"magnitude":[176],"or":[177],"diurnal":[178],"pattern":[179],"LES":[181,216,223,276],"LEC.":[183,260],"dry,":[189],"simultaneously":[192],"absorbed":[193,247],"originating":[196],"above\u2010canopy":[201],"air,":[202],"accounting":[203],"more":[205,219],"than":[206,220,232],"21":[207],"12%":[209],"LEC":[211,240,278],"respectively.":[212],"After":[213],"an":[214],"irrigation,":[215,254],"accounted":[217],"50%":[221],"even":[224],"when":[225],"leaf":[227],"area":[228],"index":[229],"greater":[231],"two,":[233],"11":[235],"21%":[237],"daily":[239],"occurred":[241],"night.":[243],"The":[244],"after":[253],"which":[255],"increased":[256],"LE1":[257],"while":[258],"decreasing":[259],"Analysis":[261],"indicates":[262],"within\u2010canopy":[264],"radiative":[265],"convective":[267],"must":[270],"considered":[272],"accurately":[274],"characterize":[275],"during":[282],"periods":[283],"partial":[285],"cover.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}