{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069934382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","title":"The Leksell Gamma Knife Model U versus Model C: A Quantitative Comparison of Radiosurgical Treatment Parameters","display_name":"The Leksell Gamma Knife Model U versus Model C: A Quantitative Comparison of Radiosurgical Treatment Parameters","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069934382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","mag":"2069934382","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15214986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111727011","display_name":"Neurosurgery","issn_l":"0148-396X","issn":["0148-396X","1081-1281","1524-4040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054371127","display_name":"John S. Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-4806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-4806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S. Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033-1029, USA. Kuo5577@hotmail.com","Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033-1029, USA. Kuo5577@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101502169","display_name":"Cheng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-9806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-9806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049265076","display_name":"Steven L. Giannotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-9434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-9434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven L. Giannotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003003402","display_name":"Zbigniew P. Petrovich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Petrovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110282437","display_name":"Michael L.J. Apuzzo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L.J. Apuzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76485081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"168","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.576200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10832","display_name":"Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments","score":0.17080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11251","display_name":"Meningioma and schwannoma management","score":0.11559999734163284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotactic-radiosurgery","display_name":"stereotactic radiosurgery","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cavernous-sinus-tumor","display_name":"cavernous sinus tumor","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningioma","display_name":"meningioma","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pituitary-tumors","display_name":"pituitary tumors","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-positioning-system","display_name":"automatic positioning system","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-planning","display_name":"treatment planning","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformity-index","display_name":"conformity index","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collimator-size","display_name":"collimator size","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-distribution","display_name":"dose distribution","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8696232438087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973234","display_name":"Radiosurgery","level":3,"score":0.849168062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.7361235618591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776741419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457751","display_name":"Cavernous sinus","level":2,"score":0.6896884441375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201645570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830637","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","level":3,"score":0.4242829382419586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.39627623558044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3105736970901489}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002426","descriptor_name":"Cavernous Sinus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002426","descriptor_name":"Cavernous Sinus","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008577","descriptor_name":"Meningeal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008577","descriptor_name":"Meningeal Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008579","descriptor_name":"Meningioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008579","descriptor_name":"Meningioma","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010911","descriptor_name":"Pituitary Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010911","descriptor_name":"Pituitary Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111727011","display_name":"Neurosurgery","issn_l":"0148-396X","issn":["0148-396X","1081-1281","1524-4040"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15214986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15214986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurosurgery","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111933065","https://openalex.org/W1966720017","https://openalex.org/W1971474233","https://openalex.org/W1976996553","https://openalex.org/W1982754900","https://openalex.org/W2002228409","https://openalex.org/W2017344875","https://openalex.org/W2031931858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234739723","https://openalex.org/W2900107298","https://openalex.org/W4381733690","https://openalex.org/W2054395512","https://openalex.org/W2031199051","https://openalex.org/W2977310240","https://openalex.org/W2357297520","https://openalex.org/W2972943270","https://openalex.org/W1993168270","https://openalex.org/W2074997508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"We":[1],"present":[2],"a":[3,227,261,304,322,368],"quantitative":[4,362],"comparison":[5],"of":[6,158,195,285,308,324,343,364,370,400],"radiosurgery":[7,179,344],"treatments":[8,173,209,345],"for":[9,290,298,314],"cavernous":[10,66,372],"sinus":[11,67,373],"tumors":[12,74,111],"using":[13,346,377,408],"the":[14,21,44,86,153,162,167,177,201,250,291,299,315,347,354,378,409],"Leksell":[15,348],"gamma":[16,349],"knife":[17,350],"Model":[18,22,45,87,130,202,207,219,237,257,273,292,300,316,318,351,355,379,410],"U":[19,46,126,216,233,274,352],"versus":[20,296,312,353],"C":[23,88,131,203,208,220,238,258,268,293,319,356,380,411],"with":[24,64,89,105,303,357,412],"automatic":[25],"positioning":[26],"system":[27],"(APS)":[28],"(Elekta":[29],"Instruments,":[30],"Norcross,":[31],"GA).":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"At":[34],"our":[35],"medical":[36],"center":[37],"from":[38,138],"August":[39],"1994":[40],"through":[41,83],"May":[42],"2000,":[43],"was":[47,287,359,403],"used":[48],"to":[49,161,181,184,189,332],"treat":[50],"96":[51],"patients":[52,93],"(37":[53],"men":[54,95],"[39%]":[55],"and":[56,76,97,113,144,152,172,188,226,249,392],"59":[57],"women":[58,99],"[61%];":[59],"median":[60,101,155],"age,":[61,102],"54.5":[62],"yr)":[63,104],"benign":[65,371],"tumors:":[68],"43":[69],"meningiomas":[70,107],"(45%),":[71],"48":[72],"pituitary":[73,110],"(50%),":[75],"5":[77],"others":[78],"(5%).":[79],"From":[80],"June":[81],"2000":[82],"April":[84],"2002,":[85],"APS":[90,358],"treated":[91,122,247,252],"45":[92],"(20":[94],"[44%]":[96],"25":[98],"[56%];":[100],"51.4":[103],"15":[106,159],"(33%),":[108],"29":[109],"(65%),":[112],"1":[114,401],"schwannoma":[115],"(2%).":[116],"The":[117,245,256,282],"two":[118],"groups":[119],"had":[120,210,260],"similar":[121],"tumor":[123,136,150,168,230,384,390],"volumes":[124],"(Model":[125,215,232,267],"mean,":[127,132,217,221,234,239],"4.3":[128],"cm(3);":[129,236,241],"4.2":[133],"cm(3)),":[134],"equivalent":[135],"distances":[137],"critical":[139,186],"structures":[140],"(optic":[141],"nerve,":[142],"chiasm,":[143],"pons),":[145],"comparable":[146],"distributions":[147],"in":[148,263,382],"Sekhar":[149],"grades,":[151],"same":[154,178],"prescribed":[156],"dose":[157,266],"Gy":[160],"50%":[163],"isodose":[164],"line":[165],"at":[166],"periphery.":[169],"All":[170],"planning":[171],"were":[174,205,254],"performed":[175,360],"by":[176,361],"team":[180],"minimize":[182],"dosage":[183],"adjacent":[185],"tissues":[187],"optimize":[190],"conformity":[191,213],"index.":[192],"RESULTS:":[193],"Analysis":[194],"multiple":[196],"treatment":[197,339,365,406],"parameters":[198,366],"showed":[199],"that":[200],"plans":[204,320,376],"superior.":[206],"an":[211,333],"improved":[212],"index":[214],"1.7;":[218],"1.6;":[222],"P":[223,242,279],"<":[224,243,280],"0.02)":[225],"lower":[228,305],"underdosed":[229,389],"volume":[231,248,253],"0.4":[235],"0.1":[240],"0.004).":[244],"total":[246],"excess":[251],"similar.":[255],"group":[259,294],"reduction":[262],"optic":[264,394],"chiasm":[265,395],"mean":[269,275,306,323],"dose,":[270,276],"3.8":[271],"Gy;":[272,278],"5.3":[277],"0.0001).":[281],"average":[283,399],"number":[284,307],"isocenters":[286],"slightly":[288],"higher":[289],"(6.7":[295],"6":[297],"U),":[301],"but":[302],"collimator":[309],"sizes":[310],"(1":[311],"2":[313],"U).":[317],"required":[321],"93":[325],"fewer":[326],"plugs":[327],"per":[328,338,405],"treatment,":[329],"thus":[330],"contributing":[331],"estimated":[334,398],"67.6":[335],"minutes":[336],"saved":[337,404],"session.":[340],"CONCLUSION:":[341],"Comparison":[342],"analysis":[363],"on":[367],"cohort":[369],"tumors.":[374],"Treatment":[375],"resulted":[381],"better":[383],"coverage":[385],"(improved":[386],"conformity,":[387],"less":[388],"volume)":[391],"decreased":[393],"dose.":[396],"An":[397],"hour":[402],"when":[407],"APS.":[413]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
