{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069840395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","title":"Railroads and the Character of America, 1820-1887.","display_name":"Railroads and the Character of America, 1820-1887.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069840395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","mag":"2069840395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2209230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119035484","display_name":"The Journal of Southern History","issn_l":"0022-4642","issn":["0022-4642","2325-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316357","host_organization_name":"Southern Historical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316357"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Historical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Southern History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024877839","display_name":"John E. Stealey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John E. Stealey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110117091","display_name":"James Arthur Ward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"675","last_page":"675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12837","display_name":"American Environmental and Regional History","score":0.06620000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railways","display_name":"railways","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-national-character","display_name":"American national character","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-history","display_name":"railway history","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-society","display_name":"American society","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-america","display_name":"nineteenth-century United States","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copperheads","display_name":"Copperheads","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-war-sentiment","display_name":"anti-war sentiment","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.78230881690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4980034828186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.3259103298187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0840800404548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.029739409685134888}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2209230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2209230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119035484","display_name":"The Journal of Southern History","issn_l":"0022-4642","issn":["0022-4642","2325-6893"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316357","host_organization_name":"Southern Historical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316357"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Historical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Southern History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060156090","https://openalex.org/W4300483235","https://openalex.org/W2089941173","https://openalex.org/W6986726164","https://openalex.org/W4391867638","https://openalex.org/W2039482977","https://openalex.org/W1990365659","https://openalex.org/W2784649282","https://openalex.org/W4405970658","https://openalex.org/W1590705946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"planned":[0],"and":[1,49],"coordinated":[2],"by":[3],"a":[4],"disloyal":[5],"society.After":[6],"all,":[7],"the":[8,27,30,41,52],"popular":[9],"protests":[10],"that":[11],"forced":[12],"American":[13],"withdrawal":[14],"from":[15],"Vietnam":[16],"were":[17],"not":[18],"organized,":[19],"either.We":[20],"are":[21],"indebted":[22],"to":[23],"Klement":[24],"for":[25,37],"revising":[26,40],"history":[28],"of":[29,43,46],"dark":[31],"lantern":[32],"societies,":[33],"as":[34,36],"well":[35],"earlier":[38],"works":[39],"image":[42],"Copperheads.But":[44],"study":[45],"antiwar":[47],"sentiments":[48],"activities":[50],"in":[51],"North":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}