{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069708306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","title":"SOME LETTERS OF DR. THOMAS WILLIS (1621\u20131675)","display_name":"SOME LETTERS OF DR. THOMAS WILLIS (1621\u20131675)","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069708306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","mag":"2069708306","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4558440","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1034931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300017269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/38161064B4018B5B50D671BAB19933F4/S0025727300017269a.pdf/div-class-title-some-letters-of-dr-thomas-willis-1621-1675-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/38161064B4018B5B50D671BAB19933F4/S0025727300017269a.pdf/div-class-title-some-letters-of-dr-thomas-willis-1621-1675-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022966176","display_name":"Kenneth Dewhurst","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Dewhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022966176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25538724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thomas-willis","display_name":"Thomas Willis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/17th-century-medicine","display_name":"17th-century medicine","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/royal-society","display_name":"Royal Society","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-practice","display_name":"medical practice","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-treatises","display_name":"medical treatises","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/richard-mead","display_name":"Richard Mead","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1680","display_name":"1680s","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1690","display_name":"1690s","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century","display_name":"18th century","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673044741153717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6004391312599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5110486745834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3303087651729584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008374","descriptor_name":"Manuscripts, Medical as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049670","descriptor_name":"History, 17th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300017269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/38161064B4018B5B50D671BAB19933F4/S0025727300017269a.pdf/div-class-title-some-letters-of-dr-thomas-willis-1621-1675-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:49465","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1034931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1034931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1034931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Hist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:4558440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4558440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical history","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300017269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300017269","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/38161064B4018B5B50D671BAB19933F4/S0025727300017269a.pdf/div-class-title-some-letters-of-dr-thomas-willis-1621-1675-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069708306.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069708306.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241128759","https://openalex.org/W4302313381","https://openalex.org/W622640552","https://openalex.org/W1998575361","https://openalex.org/W4239094792","https://openalex.org/W620048764","https://openalex.org/W1966889778","https://openalex.org/W2051695516","https://openalex.org/W4254803647","https://openalex.org/W1974244140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OCCASIONALLY":[0],"DOCTORS'":[1],"letters":[2,208,266,385],"may":[3],"be":[4,48,232,238,269],"of":[5,22,35,42,64,103,117,181,207,297,320,339,388,402,419,441,446,462],"more":[6,29,260,270],"interest":[7],"to":[8,47,86,91,108,127,136,154,192,197,209,216,242,254,268,288,334,395,417,474],"medical":[9,72,307,451],"historians":[10],"than":[11,32,85,261,274,322,453],"their":[12,280,326],"published":[13,343],"writings.In":[14],"the":[15,20,33,40,54,100,115,118,156,172,230,236,258,262,275,289,298,311,317,337,379,389,420,425,427,438,442],"seventeenth":[16],"and":[17,53,67,203,215,218,247,272,292,302,366,472],"eighteenth":[18],"centuries":[19],"elegance":[21],"a":[23,62,82,128,143,313,397,415,435,450,454,460],"physician's":[24,299],"literary":[25,68,276],"style":[26],"was":[27,89,106,114,369,459],"often":[28,59,283,309],"highly":[30],"regarded":[31],"astuteness":[34],"his":[36,43,96,347,353,358,364,370,408],"clinical":[37],"observations":[38],"or":[39,167,356,360],"efficacy":[41],"treatment.Medical":[44],"books":[45,348],"tended":[46],"inflated":[49,328],"with":[50,93,199,378],"dubious":[51],"hypotheses":[52],"few":[55],"worthwhile":[56],"remedies":[57],"were":[58,342,363],"buried":[60],"beneath":[61],"welter":[63],"classical":[65],"allusions":[66],"extravagances.Some":[69],"doctors":[70,463],"wrote":[71],"treatises":[73],"in":[74,111,184,279,325,375,400,423,437,449,470],"order":[75],"(as":[76],"Smollett":[77],"puts":[78],"it)":[79],"'to":[80],"force":[81],"trade'":[83],"rather":[84,452],"convey":[87],"information.Smollett":[88],"able":[90],"write":[92],"authority":[94],"as":[95,176,287,414,457],"own":[97],"pamphlet":[98],"On":[99],"External":[101],"Use":[102],"Cold":[104],"Water":[105],"intended":[107,333],"establish":[109],"himself":[110],"fashionable":[112],"practice.This":[113],"age":[116],"cynically":[119],"successful":[120],"Dr.Richard":[121],"Mead":[122],"who":[123],"gave":[124],"this":[125],"advice":[126],"young":[129],"practitioner:":[130],"Should":[131],"you":[132,153,160,162,171,187,251],"have":[133,252],"an":[134,245],"itching":[135],"make":[137,219,243],"your":[138,185,190],"name":[139],"known":[140,394],"by":[141,158,205],"writing":[142],"book":[144,191],"on":[145,352,357],"physic,":[146],"yet":[147],"so":[148,241],"customary,":[149],"I":[150],"will":[151,163,169],"advise":[152],"choose":[155],"subject":[157,231],"which":[159],"think":[161],"get":[164],"most":[165,173],"money;":[166],"that":[168,235,256,336],"bring":[170],"general":[174],"business,":[175],"fevers,":[177],"smallpox,":[178],"etc....The":[179],"method":[180],"writing,":[182],"if":[183],"frontispiece":[186],"address":[188],"not":[189],"some":[193,200,387],"great":[194],"man,":[195],"is":[196,323,330,391],"club":[198],"other":[201,221],"physicians;":[202],"thus":[204],"way":[206,409],"commend":[210],"each":[211,220],"other's":[212],"good":[213],"practice,":[214],"support":[217],"favour.But":[222],"above":[223],"all":[224],"things,":[225],"take":[226],"particular":[227],"care,":[228],"let":[229],"what":[233],"will,":[234],"words":[237],"well":[239,393],"chosen,":[240],"up":[244],"elegant":[246],"fervid":[248],"speech;":[249],"since":[250],"ten":[253],"one":[255,418],"mind":[257],"language":[259],"ideas.)In":[263],"general,":[264],"doctors'":[265],"tend":[267],"direct":[271],"unaffected":[273],"flourishes":[277],"found":[278,324],"books:":[281],"they":[282,294],"contain":[284],"precise":[285],"recommendations":[286],"patients'":[290],"treatment,":[291],"occasionally":[293],"illuminate":[295],"aspects":[296],"social,":[300],"domestic":[301,361],"material":[303],"background.Thus":[304],"correspondence":[305],"between":[306],"colleagues":[308],"gives":[310],"historian":[312],"better":[314],"insight":[315],"into":[316],"actual":[318,354],"treatment":[319],"patients":[321],"rambling,":[327],"textbooks.It":[329],"not,":[331],"however,":[332],"insinuate":[335],"works":[338],"Thomas":[340],"Willis":[341],"for":[344,434],"'revenue":[345],"purposes'.Nevertheless,":[346],"throw":[349],"little":[350],"light":[351],"practice":[355],"social":[359],"life.Who":[362],"friends":[365],"patients?How":[367],"lucrative":[368],"practice?What":[371],"contact":[372],"had":[373],"he,":[374],"later":[376],"life,":[377],"Royal":[380],"Society?These":[381],"eleven,":[382],"hitherto":[383],"unpublished,":[384],"supply":[386],"answers.Willis":[390],"too":[392],"warrant":[396],"lengthy":[398],"introduction.Born":[399],"1621":[401],"yeoman":[403],"stock,":[404],"he":[405,432],"virtually":[406],"worked":[407],"through":[410],"Christ":[411],"Church,":[412],"Oxford,":[413],"servitor":[416],"canons.Graduating":[421],"M.A.":[422],"1642,":[424],"year":[426],"Civil":[428],"War":[429],"broke":[430],"out,":[431],"served":[433],"time":[436],"Oxford":[439],"garrison":[440],"Royalist":[443],"University":[444],"legion":[445],"scholar-":[447],"soldiers-probably":[448],"military":[455],"role,":[456],"there":[458],"shortage":[461],"during":[464],"these":[465],"unquiet":[466],"times.He":[467],"graduated":[468],"M.B.":[469],"1646":[471],"began":[473]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}