{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2069117635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","title":"The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming","display_name":"The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2069117635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","mag":"2069117635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/6592.6593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/6592.6593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2069117635"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/6592.6593","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108509252","display_name":"John R. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-6630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-6630","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-8447","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-5598","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-7300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052255990","display_name":"Edward J. Skwarecki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Skwarecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.09,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":229,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99198337,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"9","first_page":"842","last_page":"849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-tutoring","display_name":"automated tutoring","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introductory-programming","display_name":"introductory programming","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-education","display_name":"artificial intelligence in education","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"cognitive psychology","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787731885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4545248746871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3750530779361725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36734676361083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.34347808361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33210986852645874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/6592.6593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/6592.6593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/6592.6593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/6592.6593","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/6592.6593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069117635.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2069117635.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134713021","https://openalex.org/W1480020187","https://openalex.org/W1493132574","https://openalex.org/W1571708795","https://openalex.org/W2016900109","https://openalex.org/W2033167817","https://openalex.org/W2116502002","https://openalex.org/W2136208491","https://openalex.org/W2172010324","https://openalex.org/W2197069036","https://openalex.org/W2612360245","https://openalex.org/W4206840128","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075668962","https://openalex.org/W4239500824","https://openalex.org/W2256766110","https://openalex.org/W3046360685","https://openalex.org/W69250251","https://openalex.org/W7017378800","https://openalex.org/W7096875238","https://openalex.org/W2109188485","https://openalex.org/W2004429519","https://openalex.org/W633000756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"methodologies":[1],"of":[2,8],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"and":[5],"the":[6],"knowledge":[7],"cognitive":[9],"psychology":[10],"can":[11],"be":[12],"used":[13],"to":[14,23],"automatically":[15],"generate":[16],"fine-grain":[17],"tutorial":[18],"interactions,":[19],"rather":[20],"than":[21],"having":[22],"program":[24],"them":[25],"manually.":[26]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}