{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068935899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","title":"The Use of a Positive Procedure to Increase Engagement On-Task and Decrease Challenging Behavior","display_name":"The Use of a Positive Procedure to Increase Engagement On-Task and Decrease Challenging Behavior","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068935899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","mag":"2068935899","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14710706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0145445503259217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31968085","display_name":"Behavior Modification","issn_l":"0145-4455","issn":["0145-4455","1552-4167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Modification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079131313","display_name":"Paul L. Beare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67328108","display_name":"California State University, Fresno","ror":"https://ror.org/03enmdz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. Beare","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Fresno","Kremen School of Education and Human Development, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Fresno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kremen School of Education and Human Development, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026841991","display_name":"Susan J. Severson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166613482","display_name":"Minnesota State University Moorhead","ror":"https://ror.org/03msdae35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166613482","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Severson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minnesota State University, Moorhead"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minnesota State University, Moorhead","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166613482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patricia Brandt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226413961","display_name":"Armstrong Atlantic State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rr7q548","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226413961"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Armstrong Atlantic State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Armstrong Atlantic State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226413961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79488527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"28","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-reinforcement-of-alternative-behavior","display_name":"differential reinforcement of alternative behavior","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior","display_name":"differential reinforcement of other behavior","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-harm","display_name":"self-harm","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotyped-behavior","display_name":"stereotypy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-problems","display_name":"behavioral problems","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-disabilities","display_name":"severe disabilities","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-employment","display_name":"community employment","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutionalization","display_name":"institutionalization","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-behavior-support","display_name":"positive behavior support","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018324008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Differential reinforcement","level":3,"score":0.8542450666427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.82370525598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8140504956245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6068131923675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164429055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165","display_name":"Institutionalisation","level":2,"score":0.5099951028823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.48361459374427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39139503240585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001521","descriptor_name":"Behavior Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003216","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Operant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007326","descriptor_name":"Institutionalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016728","descriptor_name":"Self-Injurious Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016728","descriptor_name":"Self-Injurious Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0145445503259217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31968085","display_name":"Behavior Modification","issn_l":"0145-4455","issn":["0145-4455","1552-4167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior Modification","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14710706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14710706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavior modification","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119420478","https://openalex.org/W141714310","https://openalex.org/W202721661","https://openalex.org/W238439158","https://openalex.org/W277238293","https://openalex.org/W326234268","https://openalex.org/W585042926","https://openalex.org/W586812009","https://openalex.org/W641563905","https://openalex.org/W1524788453","https://openalex.org/W1529028550","https://openalex.org/W1571035062","https://openalex.org/W1583446323","https://openalex.org/W1586326639","https://openalex.org/W1735612466","https://openalex.org/W1737176839","https://openalex.org/W1766537726","https://openalex.org/W1767930913","https://openalex.org/W1975625859","https://openalex.org/W1982618382","https://openalex.org/W2001389313","https://openalex.org/W2038072953","https://openalex.org/W2050939271","https://openalex.org/W2054258316","https://openalex.org/W2070551932","https://openalex.org/W2088909432","https://openalex.org/W2089949851","https://openalex.org/W2095899514","https://openalex.org/W2115019923","https://openalex.org/W2131576130","https://openalex.org/W2733006186","https://openalex.org/W3157697383","https://openalex.org/W6845125649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2490645348","https://openalex.org/W1982575367","https://openalex.org/W1930755604","https://openalex.org/W1977964076","https://openalex.org/W2149419189","https://openalex.org/W220891382","https://openalex.org/W6921295157","https://openalex.org/W7096108788","https://openalex.org/W2073977345","https://openalex.org/W2054356553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31],"exhibition":[1],"of":[2,12,33,40,73,79,83,95],"stereotypic":[3,53],"and":[4,48,52],"self-injurious":[5,50],"behavior":[6],"(SIB)":[7],"combined":[8,75],"with":[9,23,60],"a":[10,21,41,57],"lack":[11],"work":[13,29],"engagement":[14,46],"makes":[15],"it":[16],"very":[17],"difficult":[18],"to":[19,37,44,69],"place":[20],"person":[22],"severe":[24,61],"disabilities":[25],"in":[26,87],"an":[27],"integrated":[28,101],"environment.":[30],"purpose":[32],"this":[34],"research":[35,65],"was":[36,67,99],"examine":[38,70],"use":[39],"positive":[42],"procedure":[43,86],"increase":[45],"on-task":[47],"reduce":[49],"slapping":[51],"clothes":[54],"manipulation":[55],"by":[56],"46-year-old":[58],"man":[59,98],"disabilities.":[62],"A":[63],"single-subject":[64],"design":[66],"used":[68],"the":[71,74,97],"effects":[72],"DRA-DRO":[76],"(differential":[77],"reinforcement":[78,82],"alternative":[80],"behavior-differential":[81],"other":[84],"behavior)":[85],"fostering":[88],"more":[89],"appropriate":[90],"behavior.":[91],"Following":[92],"30":[93],"years":[94],"institutionalization,":[96],"successfully":[100],"into":[102],"community-based":[103],"employment.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
