{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067112263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","title":"English language ownership among Singaporean Malays: going beyond the NS/NNS dichotomy","display_name":"English language ownership among Singaporean Malays: going beyond the NS/NNS dichotomy","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067112263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","mag":"2067112263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177438180","display_name":"World Englishes","issn_l":"0883-2919","issn":["0883-2919","1467-971X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Englishes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003279286","display_name":"Wendy D. Bokhorst\u2010Heng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-7514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-7514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194744927","display_name":"National Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhgbp51","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"WENDY D. BOKHORST\u2010HENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Education, Singapore, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616. E-mail: wdbheng@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Education, Singapore, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616. E-mail: wdbheng@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013192213","display_name":"Lubna Alsagoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194744927","display_name":"National Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhgbp51","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LUBNA ALSAGOFF","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Education, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Education, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"SANDRA MCKAY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71838634","display_name":"San Francisco State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ykr0121","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71838634"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SANDRA MCKAY","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Francisco State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71838634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025017072","display_name":"Rani Rubdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-5400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-5400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194744927","display_name":"National Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhgbp51","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RANI RUBDY","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Education, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Education, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194744927"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003279286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194744927"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91449868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"424","last_page":"445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.12319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.08950000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-ownership","display_name":"language ownership","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-second-language","display_name":"English as a second language","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varieties-of-english","display_name":"English language varieties","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-norms","display_name":"language norms","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-language","display_name":"language and race","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-language-use","display_name":"age and language use","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-class","display_name":"socioeconomic class","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore-english","display_name":"Singapore English","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-legitimacy","display_name":"language legitimacy","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776938241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237","display_name":"Malay","level":2,"score":0.8826417326927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.5799564719200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116081451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501364","display_name":"Language transfer","level":4,"score":0.5541443824768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5428874492645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5214571356773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5204858183860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776331648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545554","display_name":"World Englishes","level":2,"score":0.5041857957839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.48873376846313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.4663744568824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777068528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319972","display_name":"National language","level":2,"score":0.43813103437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550607084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410327","display_name":"Language contact","level":2,"score":0.41129443049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3420575261116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.3117697238922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30913597345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.21740517020225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16152894496917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.13659748435020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0949518084526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09472426772117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08812448382377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2007.00521.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177438180","display_name":"World Englishes","issn_l":"0883-2919","issn":["0883-2919","1467-971X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Englishes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84569365","https://openalex.org/W1604749688","https://openalex.org/W1968420080","https://openalex.org/W1981005910","https://openalex.org/W2058451321","https://openalex.org/W2063801573","https://openalex.org/W2074847220","https://openalex.org/W2084450623","https://openalex.org/W2116789377","https://openalex.org/W2170682912","https://openalex.org/W2735467860","https://openalex.org/W4244165448","https://openalex.org/W4253223742","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300659315","https://openalex.org/W4301495495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022347459","https://openalex.org/W2494974236","https://openalex.org/W1981005910","https://openalex.org/W2154327546","https://openalex.org/W2063801573","https://openalex.org/W7197129257","https://openalex.org/W2157852410","https://openalex.org/W2133756595","https://openalex.org/W4231126530","https://openalex.org/W2482048967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT:":[0],"Singapore":[1],"represents":[2],"what":[3],"Kachru":[4],"calls":[5],"an":[6,12],"Outer":[7],"Circle":[8,80],"country.":[9],"English":[10,47,57,107,122,154,162,193],"is":[11,24,42,141,155],"official":[13],"language,":[14,61,153],"the":[15,21,25,66,103,185,190],"de":[16],"facto":[17],"working":[18],"language":[19,48,76,126,178],"of":[20,27,46,68,91,94,106,118,120,176,192],"nation,":[22],"and":[23,37,71,108,116,135,166,188],"medium":[26],"instruction":[28],"in":[29,65,78,124,180,194],"all":[30],"schools.":[31],"Yet,":[32],"with":[33],"three":[34],"dominant":[35],"races":[36],"their":[38,92,109,121,150,177],"affiliated":[39],"languages,":[40],"there":[41],"no":[43],"single":[44],"pattern":[45],"acquisition":[49],"among":[50],"Singaporeans.":[51],"While":[52,96],"some":[53],"do":[54],"indeed":[55],"learn":[56],"as":[58,149],"a":[59,174],"second":[60],"others":[62],"acquire":[63],"it":[64],"process":[67],"its":[69],"use":[70,147],"interaction,":[72],"much":[73,97],"like":[74],"first":[75],"speakers":[77,88,163],"Inner":[79],"countries.":[81],"Among":[82],"other":[83],"things,":[84],"this":[85],"makes":[86],"these":[87],"native":[89],"users":[90],"variety":[93],"English.":[95],"research":[98],"has":[99],"been":[100],"done":[101],"on":[102],"different":[104],"varieties":[105],"legitimacy,":[110],"we":[111,169],"explore":[112],"speakers'":[113],"orientations":[114],"towards":[115],"degree":[117],"ownership":[119,179],"norms":[123],"one":[125],"community,":[127],"Singaporean":[128,195],"Malays,":[129],"taking":[130,182],"into":[131],"account":[132],"race,":[133],"age,":[134],"socioeconomic":[136,167],"class.":[137],"The":[138],"Malay":[139,148],"community":[140],"interesting":[142],"because,":[143],"while":[144],"most":[145],"still":[146],"predominant":[151],"home":[152],"making":[156],"rapid":[157],"inroads.":[158],"By":[159],"looking":[160],"at":[161],"across":[164],"age":[165],"categories,":[168],"are":[170],"able":[171],"to":[172],"capture":[173],"snapshot":[175],"transition,":[181],"us":[183],"beyond":[184],"NS/NNS":[186],"dichotomy":[187],"nuancing":[189],"meanings":[191],"society.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}