{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067110477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","title":"Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla","display_name":"Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067110477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","mag":"2067110477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081032810","display_name":"Gregory A. Wray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-5081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-5081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory A. Wray","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080961086","display_name":"Jeffrey S. Levinton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-224X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-224X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey S. Levinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084265098","display_name":"Leo H. Shapiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leo H. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081032810","https://openalex.org/A5084265098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I59553526"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.6326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":506,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"274","issue":"5287","first_page":"568","last_page":"573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12142","display_name":"Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-clock","display_name":"molecular clock","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence-time-estimation","display_name":"divergence time estimation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambrian-explosion","display_name":"Cambrian explosion","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-body-plans","display_name":"animal body plans","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91066513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38348","display_name":"Phylum","level":3,"score":0.9811484813690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7670294642448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.6095055341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196662502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827541","display_name":"Molecular clock","level":4,"score":0.5809537172317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5793260335922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5395419597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5313359498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173776410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103910","display_name":"Precambrian","level":2,"score":0.5226901769638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172269249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108555493","display_name":"Marine invertebrates","level":2,"score":0.5141925811767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3444477915763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.3333900570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.26486462354660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0978357195854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09314340353012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5287.568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.475.6077","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.475.6077","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ufpe.br/biolmol/PapersPGGenetica/2006/Carlos.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89074438","https://openalex.org/W566083668","https://openalex.org/W652461069","https://openalex.org/W659320407","https://openalex.org/W765892120","https://openalex.org/W1493919779","https://openalex.org/W1534406401","https://openalex.org/W1576953632","https://openalex.org/W1589289885","https://openalex.org/W1599677799","https://openalex.org/W1966972227","https://openalex.org/W1969576250","https://openalex.org/W1970473208","https://openalex.org/W1971273325","https://openalex.org/W1978444265","https://openalex.org/W1979139211","https://openalex.org/W1987837873","https://openalex.org/W1991100414","https://openalex.org/W1993033956","https://openalex.org/W1995418425","https://openalex.org/W1998347159","https://openalex.org/W2001699478","https://openalex.org/W2002527203","https://openalex.org/W2002638704","https://openalex.org/W2004271211","https://openalex.org/W2008864177","https://openalex.org/W2009672868","https://openalex.org/W2009851083","https://openalex.org/W2011124999","https://openalex.org/W2025032015","https://openalex.org/W2027574957","https://openalex.org/W2028506574","https://openalex.org/W2045391589","https://openalex.org/W2067052959","https://openalex.org/W2076472866","https://openalex.org/W2080974066","https://openalex.org/W2092216315","https://openalex.org/W2092437348","https://openalex.org/W2106882534","https://openalex.org/W2142958371","https://openalex.org/W2143380472","https://openalex.org/W2152069397","https://openalex.org/W2170641138","https://openalex.org/W2338393508","https://openalex.org/W2575306271","https://openalex.org/W2600349519","https://openalex.org/W2601913882","https://openalex.org/W2619138410","https://openalex.org/W2944885317","https://openalex.org/W3126945992","https://openalex.org/W4206450276","https://openalex.org/W4233359534","https://openalex.org/W4244814634","https://openalex.org/W4249604603","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388244982","https://openalex.org/W4388299262","https://openalex.org/W6637223158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100794064","https://openalex.org/W2212432087","https://openalex.org/W1975060999","https://openalex.org/W2146480768","https://openalex.org/W2082012455","https://openalex.org/W2126267818","https://openalex.org/W2053157193","https://openalex.org/W2107550676","https://openalex.org/W2160354623","https://openalex.org/W1971754971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"literal":[1],"reading":[2],"of":[3,19,25,71],"the":[4,9,17,20,56,83],"fossil":[5],"record":[6],"suggests":[7,67],"that":[8,40,86],"animal":[10,72,89],"phyla":[11],"diverged":[12,42,60],"in":[13],"an":[14],"\u201cexplosion\u201d":[15],"near":[16],"beginning":[18],"Cambrian":[21],"period.":[22],"Calibrated":[23],"rates":[24],"molecular":[26],"sequence":[27],"divergence":[28,79],"were":[29],"used":[30],"to":[31,78],"test":[32],"this":[33],"hypothesis.":[34],"Seven":[35],"independent":[36],"data":[37],"sets":[38],"suggest":[39],"invertebrates":[41],"from":[43,61],"chordates":[44,62],"about":[45,50],"a":[46,68],"billion":[47],"years":[48],"ago,":[49],"twice":[51],"as":[52,55,93],"long":[53],"ago":[54],"Cambrian.":[57],"Protostomes":[58],"apparently":[59],"well":[63],"before":[64],"echinoderms,":[65],"which":[66],"prolonged":[69],"radiation":[70],"phyla.":[73],"These":[74],"conclusions":[75],"apply":[76],"specifically":[77],"times":[80],"among":[81],"phyla;":[82],"morphological":[84],"features":[85],"characterize":[87],"modern":[88],"body":[90],"plans,":[91],"such":[92],"skeletons":[94],"and":[95],"coeloms,":[96],"may":[97],"have":[98],"evolved":[99],"later.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
