{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067051709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","title":"Competing by design, specialization and customization: manufacturing locks in the west midlands (uk)","display_name":"Competing by design, specialization and customization: manufacturing locks in the west midlands (uk)","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067051709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","mag":"2067051709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14981607","display_name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography","issn_l":"0435-3684","issn":["0435-3684","1468-0467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086772590","display_name":"John R. Bryson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-8402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-8402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Bryson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E\u2013mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E\u2013mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102770866","display_name":"Michael Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-5359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-5359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E\u2013mail:","School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E-mail: m.j.taylor@bham.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E\u2013mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. E-mail: m.j.taylor@bham.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard Cooper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97558011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"2","first_page":"173","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.40209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.40209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.093299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.07429999858140945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customization","display_name":"customization","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-specialization","display_name":"product specialization","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-production","display_name":"mass production","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-in-time-production","display_name":"just-in-time production","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-diversification","display_name":"product diversification","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-advantage","display_name":"location advantage","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-midlands","display_name":"West Midlands","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-decline","display_name":"manufacturing decline","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.5952391624450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5025417804718018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41664713621139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3980206847190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3482898473739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.333907812833786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.33077070116996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3115704655647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2756963074207306}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14981607","display_name":"Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography","issn_l":"0435-3684","issn":["0435-3684","1468-0467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/8e87fec7-0d6e-44e3-87d9-f486731be031","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/8e87fec7-0d6e-44e3-87d9-f486731be031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bryson, J, Taylor, M & Cooper, R 2008, 'Competing By Design, Specialization and Customization: Manufacturing Locks in the West Midlands (UK)', Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography , vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00285.x","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272023296","display_name":"SUSTAINABLE REGENERATION: FROM EVIDENCE-BASED URBAN FUTURES TO IMPLEMENTATION","funder_award_id":"EP/F007426/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309532","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322382","display_name":"LG Display","ror":"https://ror.org/03ddh2c27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W217725102","https://openalex.org/W268572385","https://openalex.org/W287249110","https://openalex.org/W372501422","https://openalex.org/W602379349","https://openalex.org/W624355221","https://openalex.org/W851456754","https://openalex.org/W1521562019","https://openalex.org/W1567567901","https://openalex.org/W1606124122","https://openalex.org/W1797327777","https://openalex.org/W1964101150","https://openalex.org/W1971588827","https://openalex.org/W1974637123","https://openalex.org/W1983077422","https://openalex.org/W1988319814","https://openalex.org/W1994719762","https://openalex.org/W1997040682","https://openalex.org/W2004176270","https://openalex.org/W2006615123","https://openalex.org/W2008812349","https://openalex.org/W2012988047","https://openalex.org/W2017175950","https://openalex.org/W2018367327","https://openalex.org/W2032325774","https://openalex.org/W2033953665","https://openalex.org/W2034172019","https://openalex.org/W2036157608","https://openalex.org/W2038405283","https://openalex.org/W2061629072","https://openalex.org/W2079914456","https://openalex.org/W2080416739","https://openalex.org/W2083728228","https://openalex.org/W2097150796","https://openalex.org/W2100087827","https://openalex.org/W2139838034","https://openalex.org/W2140574512","https://openalex.org/W2317696166","https://openalex.org/W2328827894","https://openalex.org/W2476948478","https://openalex.org/W2501580568","https://openalex.org/W2800812687","https://openalex.org/W2991166083","https://openalex.org/W3004757316","https://openalex.org/W3118149923","https://openalex.org/W3122851880","https://openalex.org/W3125348145","https://openalex.org/W3202429322","https://openalex.org/W4230662973","https://openalex.org/W4246607318","https://openalex.org/W4299702055","https://openalex.org/W4301454922","https://openalex.org/W4302336458","https://openalex.org/W4388174488","https://openalex.org/W4388174553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004261027","https://openalex.org/W4403617014","https://openalex.org/W2056210599","https://openalex.org/W2025680699","https://openalex.org/W2608399159","https://openalex.org/W4240273706","https://openalex.org/W2008897659","https://openalex.org/W2150942542","https://openalex.org/W2492658105","https://openalex.org/W3199996718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{".The":[0],"past":[1],"thirty":[2],"years":[3],"have":[4,82,93,123,141,167],"seen":[5],"major":[6],"shifts":[7],"and":[8,52,122,151,162,172,178,232,237],"improvements":[9],"in":[10,27,34,49,63,97,112,158,196],"manufacturing":[11,22,31,42,71,239],"productivity,":[12],"bringing":[13],"greater":[14],"output":[15],"but":[16,38],"fewer":[17],"jobs.":[18],"As":[19],"a":[20,68,218],"result,":[21],"is":[23,102,191,215],"now":[24],"less":[25,170],"visible":[26],"\u201cpost\u2010industrial\u201d":[28],"societies.":[29],"Nevertheless,":[30,100],"still":[32],"matters":[33],"developed":[35,142],"market":[36,154],"economies":[37],"our":[39],"understanding":[40],"of":[41,54,90,129,211,224],"has":[43],"failed":[44],"to":[45,106,118,132,153,175,181,204],"evolve":[46],"with":[47,229],"developments":[48],"the":[50,60,64,98,113,127,222],"management":[51],"organization":[53],"production":[55,128],"processes.":[56,240],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"explores":[59],"lock":[61,75,213],"industry":[62],"West":[65,73,114],"Midlands":[66,74,115],"(UK),":[67],"traditional":[69],"low\u2010tech":[70],"sector.":[72],"companies":[76],"that":[77,155,199,220],"produced":[78,202],"standardized,":[79],"mass\u2010produced":[80,130],"products":[81],"experienced":[83],"intensive":[84],"competition":[85,177],"from":[86,126],"low\u2010cost":[87],"producers.":[88],"Many":[89],"these":[91,212],"firms":[92,110,140,214],"downsized":[94],"their":[95,160],"operations":[96],"UK.":[99],"this":[101],"only":[103],"one":[104],"response":[105],"intensified":[107],"competition.":[108],"Lock":[109],"located":[111],"are":[116],"unable":[117],"compete":[119],"on":[120,134,192],"price":[121],"shifted":[124],"away":[125],"locks":[131,195],"concentrate":[133],"high":[135],"value\u2010added":[136],"niche":[137],"markets.":[138],"The":[139,189,208],"inimitability":[143],"strategies":[144],"based":[145,216],"around":[146],"design,":[147],"expertise,":[148],"specialization,":[149],"customization":[150],"nearness":[152],"assist":[156],"them":[157],"maintaining":[159],"revenue":[161],"profit":[163],"streams.":[164],"Niche":[165],"manufacturers":[166],"been":[168],"far":[169],"susceptible":[171],"relatively":[173],"immune":[174],"foreign":[176],"they":[179],"continue":[180],"diversify":[182],"product":[183],"ranges":[184],"by":[185,234],"targeting":[186],"specialist":[187],"end\u2010users.":[188],"emphasis":[190],"producing":[193],"high\u2010quality":[194],"small":[197],"batches":[198],"can":[200],"be":[201],"just\u2010in\u2010time":[203],"meet":[205],"customers'":[206],"requirements.":[207],"continued":[209],"survival":[210],"upon":[217],"strategy":[219],"includes":[221],"development":[223],"product\u2010based":[225],"competitive":[226],"advantage":[227,231],"combined":[228],"locational":[230],"supported":[233],"efficient,":[235],"responsive":[236],"customer\u2010focused":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
