{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067018688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","title":"Liquid crystal-based acoustic imaging","display_name":"Liquid crystal-based acoustic imaging","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067018688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","mag":"2067018688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.379970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424016","display_name":"Jaswinder Singh Sandhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-225X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-225X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155829","display_name":"Santec Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmqte89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaswinder S. Sandhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682143","display_name":"Honghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-2820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-2820","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6316-5529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155829","display_name":"Santec Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmqte89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009276618","display_name":"Witold J. Popek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155829","display_name":"Santec Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmqte89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold J. Popek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santec Systems, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155829"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97094017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3955","issue":null,"first_page":"94","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.5365999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.5365999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.2443999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.11540000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-imaging","display_name":"acoustic imaging","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-testing","display_name":"non-destructive testing","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-mine-detection","display_name":"underwater mine detection","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-imaging","display_name":"diagnostic imaging","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-devices","display_name":"liquid crystal devices","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-applications","display_name":"commercial applications","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97337990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7099041","display_name":"Optoacoustic imaging","level":2,"score":0.6648134589195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5495778322219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5290718674659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.5238311886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5172815322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.4962661862373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.44400933384895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3916049897670746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19042286276817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.16675806045532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1280355155467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11253368854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.379970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.379970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981795850","https://openalex.org/W1996385638","https://openalex.org/W3012960734","https://openalex.org/W2026992750","https://openalex.org/W2128537199","https://openalex.org/W2057582587","https://openalex.org/W1981842619","https://openalex.org/W2155824882","https://openalex.org/W3183689009","https://openalex.org/W2085830052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liquid":[0],"crystals":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"investigated":[4],"for":[5,9],"acoustic":[6,41,67,81],"imaging":[7,42,68,82],"purposes":[8],"more":[10],"than":[11],"20":[12],"years,":[13],"however,":[14],"their":[15],"practicality":[16],"has":[17,29],"become":[18],"apparent":[19],"only":[20],"recently":[21],"through":[22],"a":[23,69],"number":[24],"of":[25,34,54,76],"technological":[26],"developments.":[27],"This":[28,49],"led":[30],"to":[31,62],"the":[32,35,55,77],"development":[33],"world's":[36],"first":[37],"liquid":[38,64,78],"crystal":[39,65,79],"based":[40,66,80],"system,":[43],"which":[44],"is":[45],"finding":[46],"commercial":[47],"applications.":[48],"paper":[50],"will":[51,84],"discuss":[52],"some":[53],"fundamental":[56],"technical":[57],"progress":[58],"that":[59],"was":[60],"needed":[61],"make":[63],"reality.":[70],"Numerous":[71],"current":[72],"and":[73],"potential":[74],"uses":[75],"approach":[83],"be":[85],"discussed,":[86],"including":[87],"nondestructive":[88],"testing,":[89],"underwater":[90],"mine":[91],"detection,":[92],"medical":[93],"imaging,":[94],"etc.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}