{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067002178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","title":"Culturally coded? The enigma of flexible labour markets","display_name":"Culturally coded? The enigma of flexible labour markets","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067002178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","mag":"2067002178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/01425450110397882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34542846","display_name":"Employee Relations","issn_l":"0142-5455","issn":["0142-5455","1758-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Employee Relations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061607339","display_name":"Boyd Black","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boyd Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland","Queen's Management School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's Management School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945","https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061607339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945","https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"401","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.0714000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-flexibility","display_name":"labour market flexibility","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-culture","display_name":"national culture","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hofstede-s-cultural-dimensions","display_name":"Hofstede cultural dimensions","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity-and-femininity","display_name":"masculinity and femininity","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism-collectivism","display_name":"individualism-collectivism","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-patterns","display_name":"employment patterns","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-mobility","display_name":"labor mobility","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-tenure","display_name":"job tenure","score":0.9520000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.8737961053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076509","display_name":"Masculinity","level":2,"score":0.6899237036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.6198848485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119469879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15514847","display_name":"Uncertainty avoidance","level":4,"score":0.5535140037536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5474919676780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.5361955165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5222333669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.44908517599105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4387664198875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3932580351829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3839171230792999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27575305104255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.15126687288284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13001486659049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.10491544008255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/01425450110397882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34542846","display_name":"Employee Relations","issn_l":"0142-5455","issn":["0142-5455","1758-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Employee Relations","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/9104623f-a10b-4e45-a4d8-b67d23921df2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/9104623f-a10b-4e45-a4d8-b67d23921df2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Black, B 2001, 'Culturally coded? The enigma of flexible labour markets', Employee Relations, vol. 23(4), pp. 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450110397882","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57913836","https://openalex.org/W657630117","https://openalex.org/W1570962369","https://openalex.org/W1713937778","https://openalex.org/W1965107892","https://openalex.org/W1981391042","https://openalex.org/W1986676705","https://openalex.org/W1999375241","https://openalex.org/W2022535234","https://openalex.org/W2025339885","https://openalex.org/W2034606455","https://openalex.org/W2039403665","https://openalex.org/W2039699632","https://openalex.org/W2042390116","https://openalex.org/W2079257246","https://openalex.org/W2092709505","https://openalex.org/W2093403652","https://openalex.org/W2097160860","https://openalex.org/W2114445079","https://openalex.org/W2125332110","https://openalex.org/W2128880674","https://openalex.org/W2136642937","https://openalex.org/W2138947586","https://openalex.org/W2139371186","https://openalex.org/W2140918013","https://openalex.org/W2148353328","https://openalex.org/W2265938796","https://openalex.org/W2316966198","https://openalex.org/W2398493263","https://openalex.org/W2515511448","https://openalex.org/W2960730922","https://openalex.org/W2973607022","https://openalex.org/W3021650613","https://openalex.org/W3123538014","https://openalex.org/W3139572397","https://openalex.org/W4254453264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148353328","https://openalex.org/W2143613366","https://openalex.org/W4293116343","https://openalex.org/W4401924289","https://openalex.org/W3094635703","https://openalex.org/W1790090326","https://openalex.org/W2025341659","https://openalex.org/W2751999366","https://openalex.org/W6986857435","https://openalex.org/W4387184166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,9,34,127],"relationship":[4,94],"between":[5,36,67,95],"national":[6,30],"culture":[7],"and":[8,51,73,101,114,137,146],"main":[10],"dimensions":[11],"of":[12,18,39,90,133],"employment":[13,42,46,74],"flexibility.":[14],"A":[15,92],"cultural":[16,59,84,124,135],"model":[17,136],"comparative":[19,142],"labour":[20,52,102,110,143],"market":[21,144],"flexibility":[22,43],"is":[23,81,104,112,122],"developed.":[24],"Using":[25],"Hofstede\u2019s":[26,57,68,96],"indices":[27],"for":[28,140],"measuring":[29,41],"culture,":[31],"hypotheses":[32],"concerning":[33],"association":[35,66],"a":[37,64,134],"range":[38],"variables":[40],"(such":[44],"as":[45],"patterns,":[47,75],"working":[48,76],"time,":[49],"unemployment":[50],"mobility)":[53],"are":[54,131],"regressed":[55],"on":[56],"four":[58],"variables.":[60],"The":[61,129],"results":[62,130],"suggest":[63],"strong":[65,93],"masculinity":[69],"versus":[70,98],"femininity":[71],"index":[72],"timeand":[77],"unemployment.":[78],"Employment":[79],"\u201cinflexibility\u201d":[80],"linked":[82],"to":[83,126],"values":[85],"reflecting":[86],"feminine":[87],"gender":[88],"structuring":[89],"society.":[91],"individualism":[97],"collectivism":[99],"variable":[100],"mobility":[103,111],"also":[105],"established,":[106],"which":[107],"suggests":[108],"that":[109],"less,":[113],"job":[115],"tenure":[116],"longer":[117],"in":[118],"countries":[119],"where":[120],"there":[121],"greater":[123],"loyalty":[125],"group.":[128],"supportive":[132],"have":[138],"implications":[139],"both":[141],"theory":[145],"policy.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}