{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066945802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","title":"Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: The importance of shared environment.","display_name":"Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: The importance of shared environment.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066945802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","mag":"2066945802","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121947241","display_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","issn_l":"0021-843X","issn":["0021-843X","1939-1846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038719346","display_name":"Sybil Alexandra Burt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-7431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-7431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Alexandra Burt","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Minnesota, MN, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Minnesota, MN, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084244790","display_name":"Robert Frank Krueger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Krueger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology (Twin Cities)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology (Twin Cities)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063133792","display_name":"Matt K. McGue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-1433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-1433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt McGue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology (Twin Cities)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology (Twin Cities)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012933125","display_name":"William G. Iacono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-3090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-3090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Iacono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology (Twin Cities)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology (Twin Cities)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89017145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"4","first_page":"516","last_page":"525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.6669999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.6669999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.32670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oppositional-defiant-disorder","display_name":"oppositional defiant disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-disorder","display_name":"conduct disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalizing-disorders","display_name":"externalizing disorders","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-environment","display_name":"shared environment","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonshared-environment","display_name":"nonshared environment","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-factors","display_name":"genetic factors","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twin-studies","display_name":"twin studies","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minnesota-twin-family-study","display_name":"Minnesota Twin Family Study","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-mental-disorders","display_name":"child psychopathology","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780135496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596474","display_name":"Conduct disorder","level":2,"score":0.8643043041229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8114058971405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.7185180187225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5772414803504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.5241109132766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.514290988445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.380869597196579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28050726652145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.16540741920471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07523465156555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001289","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019955","descriptor_name":"Conduct Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019955","descriptor_name":"Conduct Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019958","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019958","descriptor_name":"Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121947241","display_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","issn_l":"0021-843X","issn":["0021-843X","1939-1846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.4.516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.110.4.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.110.4.516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121947241","display_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","issn_l":"0021-843X","issn":["0021-843X","1939-1846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11727941","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of abnormal psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2887892296","display_name":"MEDIATORS AND MODERATORS OF ALCOHOLISM INHERITANCE","funder_award_id":"K02AA000175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3456789457","display_name":"Neurobehavioral Aspects of Personality & Psychopathology","funder_award_id":"T32MH017069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4123394010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AA-00175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5072599845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DA-05147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5322692167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AA-09367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239317804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2T32 MH17069-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337330","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6250793","https://openalex.org/W202333919","https://openalex.org/W206984298","https://openalex.org/W1232286304","https://openalex.org/W1237228529","https://openalex.org/W1561568624","https://openalex.org/W1601314759","https://openalex.org/W1627051819","https://openalex.org/W1838289455","https://openalex.org/W1968376777","https://openalex.org/W1969570897","https://openalex.org/W1971745997","https://openalex.org/W1979774173","https://openalex.org/W1983516200","https://openalex.org/W1989936895","https://openalex.org/W1991134984","https://openalex.org/W1992297350","https://openalex.org/W2000528332","https://openalex.org/W2003993914","https://openalex.org/W2016968443","https://openalex.org/W2019312889","https://openalex.org/W2027038688","https://openalex.org/W2033339814","https://openalex.org/W2033364323","https://openalex.org/W2042625711","https://openalex.org/W2044787269","https://openalex.org/W2047605192","https://openalex.org/W2048835729","https://openalex.org/W2052457812","https://openalex.org/W2053289008","https://openalex.org/W2059403298","https://openalex.org/W2060168321","https://openalex.org/W2065325871","https://openalex.org/W2075114283","https://openalex.org/W2075736571","https://openalex.org/W2078977693","https://openalex.org/W2080109715","https://openalex.org/W2085312803","https://openalex.org/W2092119925","https://openalex.org/W2094428577","https://openalex.org/W2095515963","https://openalex.org/W2107748514","https://openalex.org/W2132566629","https://openalex.org/W2136033660","https://openalex.org/W2145746293","https://openalex.org/W2156091071","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2170356054","https://openalex.org/W2492236884","https://openalex.org/W2773513705","https://openalex.org/W4231355962","https://openalex.org/W4237377395","https://openalex.org/W4318600634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072843404","https://openalex.org/W2004124985","https://openalex.org/W1999550729","https://openalex.org/W2021930047","https://openalex.org/W2037714520","https://openalex.org/W2020941691","https://openalex.org/W1534271885","https://openalex.org/W7100334851","https://openalex.org/W2765325000","https://openalex.org/W2790983869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"documented":[2],"high":[3],"levels":[4],"of":[5,14,23,55,77],"covariation":[6,16,24,130],"among":[7,25,131],"childhood":[8],"externalizing":[9],"disorders,":[10],"but":[11],"the":[12,21,37,46,64,75,125,129],"etiology":[13],"this":[15],"is":[17],"unclear.":[18],"To":[19],"unravel":[20],"sources":[22],"attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[26],"disorder":[27,31,35,111],"(ADHD),":[28],"oppositional":[29],"defiant":[30],"(ODD),":[32],"and":[33,66,90,116,134],"conduct":[34],"(CD),":[36],"authors":[38],"studied":[39],"11-year-old":[40],"twins":[41,65],"(N":[42],"=":[43],"1,506)":[44],"from":[45,60,99],"Minnesota":[47],"Twin":[48],"Family":[49],"Study.":[50],"Symptom":[51],"counts":[52],"for":[53],"each":[54,88,100,110],"these":[56],"disorders":[57],"were":[58],"obtained":[59],"interviews":[61],"administered":[62],"to":[63,87,103,128],"their":[67],"mothers.":[68],"A":[69],"model":[70],"was":[71,112],"fit":[72],"that":[73,82,94,108],"allowed":[74],"parsing":[76],"genetic,":[78],"shared":[79,121],"environmental":[80,92,117,122],"(factors":[81,93],"make":[83,95],"family":[84,96],"members":[85,97],"similar":[86],"other),":[89],"nonshared":[91],"different":[98],"other)":[101],"contributions":[102],"covariation.":[104],"The":[105],"results":[106],"revealed":[107],"although":[109],"influenced":[113],"by":[114],"genetic":[115],"factors,":[118],"a":[119],"single":[120],"factor":[123],"made":[124],"largest":[126],"contribution":[127],"ADHD,":[132],"ODD,":[133],"CD.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}