{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066869486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status in African American and Caucasian women","display_name":"Cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status in African American and Caucasian women","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066869486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","mag":"2066869486","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9679806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138039743","display_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","issn_l":"0160-6891","issn":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Nursing &amp; Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108587111","display_name":"Joanne S. Harrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joanne S. Harrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, 27599, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, 27599, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053542956","display_name":"Shirley V. Gore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151328261","display_name":"Hampton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fde5z47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151328261"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirley V. Gore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hampton University, School of Nursing, Hampton VA 23668"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hampton University, School of Nursing, Hampton VA 23668","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151328261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108587111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90467579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"285","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.25760000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.120899997651577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-women","display_name":"African American women","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-women","display_name":"white women","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-inactivity","display_name":"physical inactivity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult-women","display_name":"young adult women","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-carolina","display_name":"North Carolina","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.8244925737380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8078858256340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.7112258672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6810429096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5959342122077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4608537554740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781222467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338460","display_name":"Negroid","level":3,"score":0.4120936393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3374207615852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2651711106300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1506568193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1412752866744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000451","qualifier_name":"nursing","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009657","descriptor_name":"North Carolina","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.0.co;2-b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138039743","display_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","issn_l":"0160-6891","issn":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Nursing &amp; Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.3.co;2-p","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.3.co;2-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199808)21:4<285::aid-nur2>3.3.co;2-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138039743","display_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","issn_l":"0160-6891","issn":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Nursing &amp; Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9679806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9679806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in nursing & health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8735937242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01837","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089398850","https://openalex.org/W2136510892","https://openalex.org/W2089967442","https://openalex.org/W114641345","https://openalex.org/W205548464","https://openalex.org/W2593161111","https://openalex.org/W58976241","https://openalex.org/W7099790674","https://openalex.org/W2081910621","https://openalex.org/W2019819727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-reported":[0],"cardiovascular":[1],"risk":[2,111],"factors":[3],"of":[4,55],"obesity,":[5],"physical":[6],"inactivity,":[7],"and":[8,13,38,52,64,76,95,117,134],"smoking":[9],"in":[10,16],"African":[11,36,43,79,89,119],"American":[12,37,44,80,120],"Caucasian":[14,98,129],"women":[15,29,81,121,130],"North":[17],"Carolina":[18],"were":[19,27,47,50,59,62,82,122,139],"compared,":[20],"controlling":[21,114],"for":[22,108,115],"socioeconomic":[23],"status":[24],"(SES).":[25],"Participants":[26],"1,945":[28],"aged":[30],"23":[31],"to":[32,91,131,135,144],"53":[33],"years;":[34],"20.1%":[35],"79.9%":[39],"Caucasian.":[40],"Of":[41],"the":[42,56,105],"women,":[45,99],"38.8%":[46],"obese,":[48,60,93],"51.7%":[49],"inactive,":[51,63,94,137],"31.2%":[53,61],"smoked;":[54],"Caucasians,":[57],"19.9%":[58],"33.8%":[65],"smoked.":[66],"SES":[67,78,88,103],"differed":[68],"significantly":[69],"by":[70],"race":[71],"(p":[72],"<":[73],".001).":[74],"Low":[75],"middle":[77],"much":[83],"more":[84,123],"likely":[85,127,143],"than":[86,124],"high":[87],"Americans":[90],"be":[92,132,136],"smokers.":[96],"Among":[97],"those":[100],"with":[101],"low":[102],"had":[104],"greatest":[106],"prevalence":[107],"all":[109],"three":[110],"factors.":[112],"After":[113],"income":[116],"education,":[118],"twice":[125],"as":[126,128,142],"obese":[133],"but":[138],"only":[140],"half":[141],"smoke.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}