{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066844014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","title":"Security and inference in multilevel database and knowledge-base systems","display_name":"Security and inference in multilevel database and knowledge-base systems","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066844014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","mag":"2066844014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/38713.38752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/38714.38752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915683","display_name":"ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD)","issn_l":"0730-8078","issn":["0730-8078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1987 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '87","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/38714.38752","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthew Morgenstern","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Morgenstern","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International, Menlo Park, CA","SRI International, Menlo Park,CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International, Menlo Park,CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.6,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"357","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-security","display_name":"multilevel security","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-inference","display_name":"logical inference","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-control","display_name":"inference control","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-systems","display_name":"expert systems","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-security","display_name":"database security","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-semantics","display_name":"application semantics","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-criteria","display_name":"security criteria","score":0.6439999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7917407155036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7868587970733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6430697441101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.606823205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.575930655002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5347729325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5254344344139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4445793628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.44368797540664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.437162846326828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3517484962940216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3238932490348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3215746283531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2932143211364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17092952132225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/38713.38752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/38714.38752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915683","display_name":"ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD)","issn_l":"0730-8078","issn":["0730-8078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1987 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '87","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/38713.38752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/38713.38752","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/38714.38752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393915683","display_name":"ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD)","issn_l":"0730-8078","issn":["0730-8078"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1987 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '87","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066844014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066844014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533270337","https://openalex.org/W1588241253","https://openalex.org/W1954820475","https://openalex.org/W1968431527","https://openalex.org/W1979092857","https://openalex.org/W2008074667","https://openalex.org/W2016220160","https://openalex.org/W2045709548","https://openalex.org/W2138709157","https://openalex.org/W2147096558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106424312","https://openalex.org/W1973128017","https://openalex.org/W2185129567","https://openalex.org/W2162319199","https://openalex.org/W1595521595","https://openalex.org/W4251845159","https://openalex.org/W2085421061","https://openalex.org/W2128899532","https://openalex.org/W7098341103","https://openalex.org/W2163601424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,14,17,39,61,99],"threat":[4],"to":[5,53,72,77,110],"multilevel":[6,65],"security":[7,22,30,46,106],"that":[8],"arises":[9],"from":[10],"logical":[11],"inference":[12,44,89],"and":[13,32,45,51,68,105,114],"semantics":[15,97],"of":[16,21,38,43,63,98,107],"application.":[18,40],"Such":[19],"compromises":[20],"are":[23],"particularly":[24],"challenging":[25],"since":[26],"they":[27],"circumvent":[28],"traditional":[29],"mechanisms":[31],"rely":[33],"on":[34,57],"a":[35,64,84,93,108],"user's":[36],"knowledge":[37],"The":[41],"problems":[42,59],"have":[47],"heretofore":[48],"been":[49],"amorphous":[50],"difficult":[52],"circumscribe.":[54],"We":[55],"focus":[56],"these":[58,88,112,119],"in":[60],"context":[62],"database":[66],"system":[67,109],"show":[69],"their":[70],"relevance":[71],"knowledge-based":[73],"systems,":[74],"sometimes":[75],"referred":[76],"as":[78],"expert":[79],"systems.":[80],"Here":[81],"we":[82],"establish":[83],"framework":[85],"for":[86,95,103,117],"studying":[87],"control":[90],"problems,":[91,113],"describe":[92],"representation":[94],"relevant":[96],"application,":[100],"develop":[101],"criteria":[102],"safety":[104],"prevent":[111],"outline":[115],"algorithms":[116],"enforcing":[118],"criteria.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}