{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066547797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","title":"Layout, Organization, and the Effectiveness of Consumer Product Warnings","display_name":"Layout, Organization, and the Effectiveness of Consumer Product Warnings","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066547797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","mag":"2066547797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/154193128703100112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056953535","display_name":"David R. Desaulniers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David R. Desaulniers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056953535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93796101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorability","display_name":"memorability","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-compliance","display_name":"warning compliance","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-design","display_name":"warning design","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.7154964208602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188985296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868954","display_name":"Page layout","level":2,"score":0.6309558749198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.6264806389808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6035473942756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5296480655670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5035070776939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4355055093765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4244905114173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2184838354587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1868201494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.17618811130523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14518973231315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11054575443267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/154193128703100112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967245680","https://openalex.org/W2030334200","https://openalex.org/W2047241308","https://openalex.org/W2047536357","https://openalex.org/W2048739549","https://openalex.org/W2166995582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2598537067","https://openalex.org/W213462742","https://openalex.org/W1940318530","https://openalex.org/W1984906108","https://openalex.org/W2141443640","https://openalex.org/W2056998551","https://openalex.org/W2044500346","https://openalex.org/W7101073656","https://openalex.org/W7095794657","https://openalex.org/W867894151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three":[0],"experiments":[1],"are":[2,217],"presented":[3],"examining":[4],"the":[5,17,50,59,144,155,174,178,182,185],"effects":[6],"of":[7,21,35,40,47,61,72,86,98,184,203],"warning":[8,22,124,179,212],"layout":[9,48,95,125,165,193],"(spatial":[10],"structure)":[11,15],"and":[12,19,54,88,96,111,121,128,137,196,214],"organization":[13,100],"(semantic":[14],"on":[16],"readability":[18],"memorability":[20],"information.":[23],"In":[24,90,118,171],"Experiment":[25,146,172],"1":[26],"these":[27],"factors":[28],"were":[29,49,77,101,194],"tested":[30],"in":[31,93,143,163,168,191,207],"a":[32,129,200],"2":[33,120,147],"(levels":[34,39],"layout)":[36],"x":[37],"3":[38],"organization)":[41],"factorial":[42],"design.":[43],"The":[44],"two":[45],"levels":[46],"typical":[51],"paragraph":[52,164,208],"format":[53],"an":[55,62],"experimental":[56],"version":[57],"having":[58,104],"appearance":[60],"outline.":[63],"Warning":[64],"content":[65],"was":[66,126,132,180],"organized":[67],"according":[68,79],"to":[69,80,109,134,141,153,176],"hazard,":[70],"type":[71,97],"statement,":[73],"or":[74],"randomly.":[75],"Warnings":[76],"ranked":[78,102],"three":[81],"criteria;":[82],"eye":[83,106],"appeal,":[84,107],"ease":[85],"processing,":[87],"effectiveness.":[89],"general,":[91],"warnings":[92,162,167,190,206],"outline":[94,192],"hazard":[99],"as":[103],"greater":[105],"easier":[108],"process,":[110],"more":[112],"effective":[113],"than":[114,166,205],"alternative":[115],"organization-layout":[116],"conditions.":[117],"Experiments":[119],"3,":[122,173],"only":[123],"manipulated":[127],"cover":[130],"story":[131],"used":[133],"elicit":[135],"reading":[136,161],"compliance":[138],"behaviors":[139],"likely":[140],"occur":[142],"home.":[145],"results":[148],"indicate":[149],"that,":[150],"when":[151],"asked":[152],"read":[154,177,195],"warnings,":[156],"subjects":[157,204],"spent":[158],"less":[159],"time":[160],"oultine":[169],"layout.":[170,209],"decision":[175],"at":[181],"discretion":[183],"subjects.":[186],"Results":[187],"indicated":[188],"that":[189],"complied":[197],"with":[198],"by":[199],"larger":[201],"proportion":[202],"Implications":[210],"for":[211],"design":[213],"future":[215],"research":[216],"discussed.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}