{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066487828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","title":"Conducting vaccine clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Operational challenges and lessons learned from the Meningitis Vaccine Project","display_name":"Conducting vaccine clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Operational challenges and lessons learned from the Meningitis Vaccine Project","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066487828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","mag":"2066487828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22989686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27359860","display_name":"Vaccine","issn_l":"0264-410X","issn":["0264-410X","1873-2518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108650069","display_name":"Elisa Marchetti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Marchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France. elisa_marchetti@yahoo.com","Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France. elisa_marchetti@yahoo.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059143423","display_name":"V\u00e9ronique Mazarin-Diop","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00e9ronique Mazarin-Diop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agence Africaine de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Humaine, Dakar Yoff, Senegal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence Africaine de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Humaine, Dakar Yoff, Senegal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042701032","display_name":"Julie Chaumont","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Chaumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024301960","display_name":"Lionel Martellet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-4614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-4614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Martellet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051406442","display_name":"Marie-Fran\u00e7oise Makadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Fran\u00e7oise Makadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090810881","display_name":"Simonetta Viviani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-5082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-5082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304598786","display_name":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simonetta Viviani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304598786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076130506","display_name":"Prasad Suryakant Kulkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-9236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-9236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131544347","display_name":"Serum Institute of India (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk2xb11","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131544347"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad S. Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Serum Institute of India Ltd., Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Serum Institute of India Ltd., Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131544347"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110667468","display_name":"Marie\u2010Pierre Pr\u00e9ziosi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Pierre Preziosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meningitis Vaccine Project, Initiative for Vaccine Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meningitis Vaccine Project, Initiative for Vaccine Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80952973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"48","first_page":"6859","last_page":"6863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menafrivac","display_name":"MenAfriVac","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-trials","display_name":"vaccine clinical trials","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-issues","display_name":"operational challenges","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ich-gcp","display_name":"ICH-GCP","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-development","display_name":"vaccine development","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningococcal-disease","display_name":"meningococcal disease","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6866085529327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6741505861282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781026528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48143","display_name":"Meningitis","level":2,"score":0.6014134287834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780454893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817090","display_name":"Meningococcal vaccine","level":4,"score":0.5947296619415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778458888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154625","display_name":"Neisseria meningitidis","level":3,"score":0.5512359142303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660197","display_name":"Immunogenicity","level":3,"score":0.5075465440750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778190748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907956","display_name":"Vaccine trial","level":3,"score":0.4861016273498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.47303101420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4329608380794525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779583294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161160","display_name":"Conjugate vaccine","level":4,"score":0.42862600088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.34462910890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32679176330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.29455238580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.2804720103740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11538755893707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008585","descriptor_name":"Meningitis, Meningococcal","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008585","descriptor_name":"Meningitis, Meningococcal","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008585","descriptor_name":"Meningitis, Meningococcal","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017954","descriptor_name":"Africa South of the Sahara","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017954","descriptor_name":"Africa South of the Sahara","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017954","descriptor_name":"Africa South of the Sahara","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022401","descriptor_name":"Meningococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27359860","display_name":"Vaccine","issn_l":"0264-410X","issn":["0264-410X","1873-2518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22989686","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22989686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308612","display_name":"PATH","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycvrx49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932294717","https://openalex.org/W1983465488","https://openalex.org/W1987752370","https://openalex.org/W2028443217","https://openalex.org/W2038976319","https://openalex.org/W2040546171","https://openalex.org/W2050982645","https://openalex.org/W2068027505","https://openalex.org/W2124042302","https://openalex.org/W2126724314","https://openalex.org/W2133410828","https://openalex.org/W2165570102","https://openalex.org/W6693603529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164368524","https://openalex.org/W2085821816","https://openalex.org/W1995158173","https://openalex.org/W2379266416","https://openalex.org/W4387115080","https://openalex.org/W4246281681","https://openalex.org/W1582566909","https://openalex.org/W3032424179","https://openalex.org/W2329617197","https://openalex.org/W2174135145"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
