{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066123735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","title":"Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design","display_name":"Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066123735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","mag":"2066123735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","pdf_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/95/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764872494","display_name":"Politics and Governance","issn_l":"2183-2463","issn":["2183-2463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318509","host_organization_name":"Cogitatio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318509"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogitatio"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/95/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077475073","display_name":"Michael P. Howlett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-740X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-740X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Howlett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada\r\nLee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259772, Singapore","Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada#R##N#Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259772, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada\r\nLee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259772, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada#R##N#Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259772, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067365908","display_name":"Jeremy Rayner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-5457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-5457","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-7984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Rayner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1050,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1132},"apc_paid":{"value":1050,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1132},"fwci":13.5706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":369,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98605964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"170","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12210","display_name":"Policy Transfer and Learning","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12010","display_name":"Evaluation and Performance Assessment","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-mix","display_name":"policy mix","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-formulation","display_name":"policy formulation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-instruments","display_name":"policy instruments","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"consistency","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"coherence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congruences","display_name":"congruences","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-design","display_name":"policy design","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.6760581135749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6277089715003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6230261325836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.5263068675994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5004196166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.4864232540130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.47737881541252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203566152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3179130","display_name":"Policy studies","level":3,"score":0.4476340711116791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.40038803219795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3691387176513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3433288335800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34179574251174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33827733993530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.32536354660987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2709190845489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.26792263984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1775520145893097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.14782458543777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12015542387962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07434135675430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","pdf_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/95/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764872494","display_name":"Politics and Governance","issn_l":"2183-2463","issn":["2183-2463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318509","host_organization_name":"Cogitatio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318509"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogitatio"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1030.9295","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1030.9295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cogitatiopress.com/ojs/index.php/politicsandgovernance/article/download/95/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.404.4910","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.404.4910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.librelloph.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/PaG-1.2.170/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cog:poango:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:170-182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f006aa33346842748073efc14e05bf11","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f006aa33346842748073efc14e05bf11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance, Vol 1, Iss 2, Pp 170-182 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/45172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/45172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/95","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/95/96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764872494","display_name":"Politics and Governance","issn_l":"2183-2463","issn":["2183-2463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318509","host_organization_name":"Cogitatio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318509"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogitatio"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance; Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Multidisciplinary Studies in Politics and Governance; 170-182","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v1i2.95","pdf_url":"https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/95/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764872494","display_name":"Politics and Governance","issn_l":"2183-2463","issn":["2183-2463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318509","host_organization_name":"Cogitatio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318509"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogitatio"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Politics and Governance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066123735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066123735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4371184","https://openalex.org/W16778040","https://openalex.org/W26834808","https://openalex.org/W31273122","https://openalex.org/W232611682","https://openalex.org/W382154253","https://openalex.org/W392710836","https://openalex.org/W581118050","https://openalex.org/W589420690","https://openalex.org/W612846214","https://openalex.org/W618415605","https://openalex.org/W1485210378","https://openalex.org/W1492465761","https://openalex.org/W1492639133","https://openalex.org/W1500608409","https://openalex.org/W1521343165","https://openalex.org/W1534300113","https://openalex.org/W1536750363","https://openalex.org/W1542961362","https://openalex.org/W1569410165","https://openalex.org/W1578152577","https://openalex.org/W1585847492","https://openalex.org/W1722286686","https://openalex.org/W1722638905","https://openalex.org/W1893974355","https://openalex.org/W1935624452","https://openalex.org/W1965975852","https://openalex.org/W1967182044","https://openalex.org/W1968942643","https://openalex.org/W1970193252","https://openalex.org/W1973528239","https://openalex.org/W1975856968","https://openalex.org/W1980975001","https://openalex.org/W1982020413","https://openalex.org/W1985490163","https://openalex.org/W1990671536","https://openalex.org/W1998760890","https://openalex.org/W1998762267","https://openalex.org/W2001060079","https://openalex.org/W2003934805","https://openalex.org/W2004039897","https://openalex.org/W2006416717","https://openalex.org/W2008429742","https://openalex.org/W2009399369","https://openalex.org/W2009550088","https://openalex.org/W2012946356","https://openalex.org/W2015778274","https://openalex.org/W2022361536","https://openalex.org/W2023473744","https://openalex.org/W2023989269","https://openalex.org/W2030151931","https://openalex.org/W2032501808","https://openalex.org/W2037927976","https://openalex.org/W2043474425","https://openalex.org/W2044953306","https://openalex.org/W2045338850","https://openalex.org/W2048612176","https://openalex.org/W2048772496","https://openalex.org/W2053334406","https://openalex.org/W2054310035","https://openalex.org/W2057748843","https://openalex.org/W2058994893","https://openalex.org/W2063474468","https://openalex.org/W2068063124","https://openalex.org/W2068935289","https://openalex.org/W2070970830","https://openalex.org/W2071846330","https://openalex.org/W2075588625","https://openalex.org/W2075706317","https://openalex.org/W2080063390","https://openalex.org/W2082088739","https://openalex.org/W2085454386","https://openalex.org/W2087577685","https://openalex.org/W2087731759","https://openalex.org/W2095550075","https://openalex.org/W2096393584","https://openalex.org/W2105681170","https://openalex.org/W2106352077","https://openalex.org/W2109742723","https://openalex.org/W2113459734","https://openalex.org/W2115791431","https://openalex.org/W2119266541","https://openalex.org/W2124164564","https://openalex.org/W2131494874","https://openalex.org/W2131676273","https://openalex.org/W2134758682","https://openalex.org/W2136510050","https://openalex.org/W2142130708","https://openalex.org/W2156996136","https://openalex.org/W2157525519","https://openalex.org/W2158236948","https://openalex.org/W2162758154","https://openalex.org/W2166908761","https://openalex.org/W2167360485","https://openalex.org/W2293273532","https://openalex.org/W2313576412","https://openalex.org/W2340698091","https://openalex.org/W2474199560","https://openalex.org/W2480326219","https://openalex.org/W2480758357","https://openalex.org/W2494388443","https://openalex.org/W2575623718","https://openalex.org/W2586210022","https://openalex.org/W2626376859","https://openalex.org/W3013036023","https://openalex.org/W3027926832","https://openalex.org/W3036674917","https://openalex.org/W3121402077","https://openalex.org/W4205152485","https://openalex.org/W4205767591","https://openalex.org/W4230834924","https://openalex.org/W4231094366","https://openalex.org/W4241406256","https://openalex.org/W4254341212","https://openalex.org/W4254569809","https://openalex.org/W4256243005","https://openalex.org/W4380762938","https://openalex.org/W4392612224","https://openalex.org/W4410917836","https://openalex.org/W6862224349","https://openalex.org/W6990432023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242630709","https://openalex.org/W1513982384","https://openalex.org/W7098381835","https://openalex.org/W2911500070","https://openalex.org/W1531304200","https://openalex.org/W2909591623","https://openalex.org/W3121193576","https://openalex.org/W2224711097","https://openalex.org/W2315933676","https://openalex.org/W3154308847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thinking":[0],"about":[1,211],"policy":[2,14,24,30,52,56,68,81,95,103,143,154,200,212,219],"mixes":[3,69,155,166,201],"is":[4,44],"at":[5],"the":[6,13,33,48,91,99,117,150,195,205,216],"forefront":[7],"of":[8,29,35,79,93,101,119,140,152,218],"current":[9],"research":[10],"work":[11,66,125,148,188],"in":[12,58,90,110,127,142,165,189],"sciences":[15],"and":[16,26,32,61,114,122,138,204,215],"raises":[17],"many":[18,198],"significant":[19],"questions":[20],"with":[21,107],"respect":[22],"to":[23,46,54,83,105,124,191],"tools":[25,53,82],"instruments,":[27],"processes":[28,214],"formulation,":[31],"evolution":[34,151],"tool":[36],"choices":[37],"over":[38,170],"time.":[39],"Not":[40],"least":[41],"among":[42],"these":[43,159],"how":[45,158],"assess":[47,194],"potential":[49],"for":[50,209],"multiple":[51,80,102,120],"achieve":[55],"goals":[57,104,121],"an":[59],"efficient":[60],"effective":[62],"way.":[63],"Previous":[64],"conceptual":[65],"on":[67,149],"has":[70,156,208],"highlighted":[71,157],"evaluative":[72],"criteria":[73,161],"such":[74],"as":[75,134,172,174],"\"consistency\"":[76],"(the":[77],"ability":[78,100,118],"reinforce":[84],"rather":[85],"than":[86],"undermine":[87],"each":[88,108],"other":[89,109],"pursuit":[92],"individual":[94],"goals),":[96],"\"coherence\"":[97],"(or":[98,116],"co-exist":[106],"a":[111,128],"logical":[112],"fashion),":[113],"\"congruence\"":[115],"instruments":[123],"together":[126],"uni-directional":[129],"or":[130],"mutually":[131],"supportive":[132],"fashion)":[133],"important":[135],"design":[136,187],"principles":[137],"measures":[139],"optimality":[141],"mixes.":[144],"And":[145],"previous":[146],"empirical":[147],"existing":[153,199],"three":[160],"are":[162,202],"often":[163],"lacking":[164],"which":[167,176],"have":[168,177],"evolved":[169],"time":[171],"well":[173],"those":[175],"otherwise":[178],"been":[179],"consciously":[180],"designed.":[181],"This":[182],"article":[183],"revisits":[184],"this":[185,207],"early":[186],"order":[190],"more":[192],"clearly":[193],"reasons":[196],"why":[197],"sub-optimal":[203],"consequences":[206],"thinking":[210],"formulation":[213],"practices":[217],"design.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}