{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066066893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","title":"Identification of an animal \u03c9-3 fatty acid desaturase by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis","display_name":"Identification of an animal \u03c9-3 fatty acid desaturase by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066066893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","mag":"2066066893","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9037020","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/19758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078019546","display_name":"James P. Spychalla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James\u2009P. Spychalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027558890","display_name":"Anthony J. Kinney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony\u2009J. Kinney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078539252","display_name":"John Browse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-2821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-2821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Browse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and Agricultural Products, Experiment Station 402, 4247 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., P.O. Box 80402, Wilmington, DE 19880-0402","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95151812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"4","first_page":"1142","last_page":"1147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11844","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11844","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11882","display_name":"Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-fatty-acid-desaturase","display_name":"omega-3 fatty acid desaturase","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fad2","display_name":"FAD2","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fad3","display_name":"FAD3","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabidopsis","display_name":"Arabidopsis","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetically-modified-plants","display_name":"transgenic plants","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-linolenic-acid","display_name":"alpha-linolenic acid","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-6-fatty-acids","display_name":"omega-6 fatty acids","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-biosynthesis","display_name":"polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterologous-expression","display_name":"heterologous expression","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157892","display_name":"Arabidopsis","level":4,"score":0.8671469688415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108305142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3062286","display_name":"Heterologous expression","level":4,"score":0.7205126881599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7197052240371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.715814471244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19038510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005087","display_name":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid","level":3,"score":0.7153212428092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187882448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478","display_name":"Complementary DNA","level":3,"score":0.5498705506324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.5423955917358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83133906","display_name":"Fatty acid desaturase","level":4,"score":0.5423754453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778944004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91703","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","level":3,"score":0.5408985018730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780809830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407426","display_name":"Linoleic acid","level":3,"score":0.4934016764163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4883705973625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780115692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747302","display_name":"Heterologous","level":3,"score":0.47514939308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778078955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407699","display_name":"Arachidonic acid","level":3,"score":0.4119831919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.17252802848815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003001","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017173","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017173","descriptor_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017238","descriptor_name":"Genes, Helminth","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017360","descriptor_name":"Arabidopsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017386","descriptor_name":"Sequence Homology, Amino Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030821","descriptor_name":"Plants, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044943","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acid Desaturases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.4.1142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:189261","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:19758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/19758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9037020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9037020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:189261","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86630917","https://openalex.org/W1440176549","https://openalex.org/W1498110790","https://openalex.org/W1522687711","https://openalex.org/W1555827664","https://openalex.org/W1571326346","https://openalex.org/W1573563376","https://openalex.org/W1579774371","https://openalex.org/W1593206491","https://openalex.org/W1598193192","https://openalex.org/W1966884806","https://openalex.org/W2001856591","https://openalex.org/W2006807779","https://openalex.org/W2009310436","https://openalex.org/W2019534744","https://openalex.org/W2021728645","https://openalex.org/W2037852496","https://openalex.org/W2054561872","https://openalex.org/W2061611369","https://openalex.org/W2063582321","https://openalex.org/W2070981546","https://openalex.org/W2094568499","https://openalex.org/W2106629711","https://openalex.org/W2124728752","https://openalex.org/W2144725862","https://openalex.org/W2165191737","https://openalex.org/W2174731688","https://openalex.org/W3041002203","https://openalex.org/W4238460536","https://openalex.org/W4254702454","https://openalex.org/W6600916757","https://openalex.org/W6819830315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100193586","https://openalex.org/W2067905389","https://openalex.org/W2106629711","https://openalex.org/W3177326819","https://openalex.org/W2256323056","https://openalex.org/W1542180786","https://openalex.org/W2802758493","https://openalex.org/W2070981546","https://openalex.org/W3203133794","https://openalex.org/W3143782799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"animals,":[1],"fatty":[2,17,91,114,156],"acid":[3,13,83],"desaturases":[4,140],"catalyze":[5],"key":[6],"reactions":[7],"in":[8,69,74,78,84,146],"the":[9,22,28,40,43,79,117,125,131],"synthesis":[10],"of":[11,21,30,42,45,65,81,112,135,138,163],"arachidonic":[12],"and":[14,63,94,148,165],"other":[15],"polyunsaturated":[16],"acids.":[18],"A":[19],"search":[20],"Caenorhabditis":[23],"elegans":[24,127],"DNA":[25],"databases,":[26],"using":[27],"sequences":[29],"Arabidopsis":[31,88],"genes,":[32,47],"identified":[33],"several":[34],"putative":[35],"desaturases.":[36],"Here":[37],"we":[38],"describe":[39],"characterization":[41],"first":[44,132],"these":[46,113],"fat-1.":[48],"The":[49,150],"predicted":[50],"protein":[51,152],"encoded":[52],"by":[53],"a":[54,75,136,161],"fat-1":[55,72,106,128],"cDNA":[56],"showed":[57],"32-35%":[58],"identity":[59],"with":[60],"both":[61,111],"FAD2":[62],"FAD3":[64],"Arabidopsis.":[66],"When":[67],"expressed":[68],"transgenic":[70,107],"plants,":[71],"resulted":[73],"90%":[76],"increase":[77],"proportion":[80],"alpha-linolenic":[82],"root":[85],"lipids.":[86],"Wild-type":[87],"incorporated":[89],"omega-6":[90,167],"acids":[92,115],"(delta8,11,14-20:3":[93],"delta5,8,11,14-20:4)":[95],"into":[96],"membrane":[97],"lipids":[98],"but":[99],"did":[100],"not":[101],"desaturate":[102],"them.":[103],"By":[104],"contrast,":[105],"plants":[108,147],"efficiently":[109],"desaturated":[110],"to":[116],"corresponding":[118],"omega-3":[119,155],"products.":[120],"These":[121],"findings":[122],"indicate":[123],"that":[124,141,159],"C.":[126],"gene":[129],"encodes":[130],"animal":[133],"representative":[134],"class":[137],"glycerolipid":[139],"have":[142],"previously":[143],"been":[144],"characterized":[145],"cyanobacteria.":[149],"FAT-1":[151],"is":[153],"an":[154],"acyl":[157],"desaturase":[158],"recognizes":[160],"range":[162],"18-":[164],"20-carbon":[166],"substrates.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
