{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065831797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","title":"Target Localization and Tracking in Noncoherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar Systems","display_name":"Target Localization and Tracking in Noncoherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065831797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","mag":"2065831797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003828818","display_name":"Ruixin Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-9174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-9174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixin Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I72019824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042577942","display_name":"Rick S. Blum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-6771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-6771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rick S. Blum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, West Bethlehem, PA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, West Bethlehem, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018292481","display_name":"Pramod K. Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-5088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-5088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod K. Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Science, 4-206 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Sci., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Science, 4-206 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Sci., Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111976977","display_name":"Andrew Drozd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119229","display_name":"ANDRO (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02m359g33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew L. Drozd","raw_affiliation_strings":["ANDRO Computational Solutions, LLC, Rome, NY, USA","ANDRO Comput. Solutions, Rome, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ANDRO Computational Solutions, LLC, Rome, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ANDRO Comput. Solutions, Rome, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99176105,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"1466","last_page":"1489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-localization","display_name":"target localization","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-tracking","display_name":"target tracking","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cramer-rao-lower-bound","display_name":"Cramer-Rao lower bound","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"matched filter","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-before-detect","display_name":"track-before-detect","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filtering","display_name":"particle filter","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array-radar","display_name":"phased array radar","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-information","display_name":"Doppler information","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.6047737002372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.5958533883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.5735549926757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5606170296669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5475148558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4961436688899994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.47691580653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46964046359062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4586898982524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.4515227675437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.44379767775535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4199703633785248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4131416082382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4070039987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.371550053358078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3141292333602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.25710219144821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23501873016357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.2134823501110077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2128244936466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.21145179867744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.18605691194534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12912848591804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6178073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.869.5042","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.869.5042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1222%26context%3Deecs","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:eecs-1222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/eecs/222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5799999833106995}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1561160321","https://openalex.org/W1599703818","https://openalex.org/W1977080601","https://openalex.org/W1978054117","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2083199329","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2097254749","https://openalex.org/W2097256214","https://openalex.org/W2101782377","https://openalex.org/W2104130465","https://openalex.org/W2109012875","https://openalex.org/W2112793031","https://openalex.org/W2114845564","https://openalex.org/W2116965969","https://openalex.org/W2119719351","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2133475491","https://openalex.org/W2135915867","https://openalex.org/W2140019524","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2169500239","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2536817385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056333091","https://openalex.org/W2424544976","https://openalex.org/W2079721542","https://openalex.org/W2003226365","https://openalex.org/W2115044374","https://openalex.org/W2550588817","https://openalex.org/W2137654406","https://openalex.org/W2091159677","https://openalex.org/W4225400023","https://openalex.org/W3017027221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,119],"a":[1,56,120,123,130,141,146,149,155,215,234,262],"noncoherent":[2,114,225],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"radar":[6,116,227,238,260,293],"system,":[7],"the":[8,14,22,49,53,66,70,86,90,102,106,136,159,162,168,174,179,185,191,194,199,208,224,246,257,268,280,290,302,308],"maximum":[9],"likelihood":[10],"estimator":[11],"(MLE)":[12],"of":[13,52,126,152,193,248,251],"target":[15,117,175,188],"location":[16],"and":[17,36,89,97,105,129,154,197,242,261,271,279],"velocity,":[18],"as":[19,21,214],"well":[20],"corresponding":[23],"Cramer-Rao":[24],"lower":[25],"bound":[26],"(CRLB)":[27],"matrix,":[28],"is":[29,39,140,204,219,287],"derived.":[30],"MIMO":[31,115,226,264,292],"radar's":[32],"potential":[33],"in":[34],"localization":[35,59],"tracking":[37,98,200,203,230,296],"performance":[38,60,231,297],"demonstrated":[40,220],"by":[41,73,273,306],"adopting":[42],"simple":[43],"Gaussian":[44,54],"pulse":[45,315],"waveforms.":[46],"Due":[47],"to":[48,75,81,184],"short":[50],"duration":[51],"pulses,":[55],"very":[57],"high":[58,131,240],"can":[61,182,211],"be":[62,212],"achieved,":[63],"even":[64],"when":[65,299],"matched":[67,87,180,195],"filter":[68,88,104,108,138,181,196],"ignores":[69],"Doppler":[71,77,310],"effect":[72],"matching":[74],"zero":[76],"shift.":[78],"This":[79],"leads":[80],"significantly":[82],"reduced":[83],"complexities":[84],"for":[85,113,145,255],"MLE.":[91],"Further,":[92,245],"two":[93],"interactive":[94],"signal":[95],"processing":[96],"algorithms,":[99],"based":[100],"on":[101],"Kalman":[103,137],"particle":[107],"(PF),":[109],"respectively,":[110],"are":[111,253,276,283],"proposed":[112],"tracking.":[118],"system":[121,147],"with":[122,148,239,301],"large":[124],"number":[125,151],"transmit/receive":[127],"elements":[128,153],"signal-to-noise":[132],"ratio":[133],"(SNR)":[134],"value,":[135,158],"(KF)":[139],"good":[142],"choice;":[143],"while":[144],"small":[150],"low":[156],"SNR":[157],"PF":[160],"outperforms":[161],"KF":[163],"significantly.":[164],"In":[165],"both":[166,256],"methods,":[167],"tracker":[169],"provides":[170,228],"predictive":[171],"information":[172,311],"regarding":[173],"location,":[176],"so":[177],"that":[178,223,289],"match":[183],"most":[186],"probable":[187],"locations,":[189],"reducing":[190],"complexity":[192],"improving":[198],"performance.":[201],"Since":[202],"performed":[205],"without":[206],"detection,":[207],"presented":[209],"approach":[210],"deemed":[213],"track-before-detect":[216],"approach.":[217],"It":[218,286],"through":[221,313],"simulations":[222],"significant":[229,295],"improvement":[232,298],"over":[233],"monostatic":[235],"phased":[236,258,303],"array":[237,259,304],"range":[241],"azimuth":[243],"resolutions.":[244],"effects":[247],"coherent":[249,314],"integration":[250],"pulses":[252,269,282],"investigated":[254],"hybrid":[263,291],"radar,":[265,305],"where":[266],"only":[267],"transmitted":[270],"received":[272],"colocated":[274],"transceivers":[275],"coherently":[277],"integrated":[278],"other":[281],"combined":[284],"noncoherently.":[285],"shown":[288],"achieves":[294],"compared":[300],"using":[307],"extra":[309],"obtained":[312],"integration.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
