{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065742873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","title":"Perils and prospects of using aggregate area level socioeconomic information as a proxy for individual level socioeconomic confounders in instrumental variables regression","display_name":"Perils and prospects of using aggregate area level socioeconomic information as a proxy for individual level socioeconomic confounders in instrumental variables regression","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065742873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","mag":"2065742873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24290265","display_name":"Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology","issn_l":"1387-3741","issn":["1387-3741","1572-9400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024599430","display_name":"Jesse Y. Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-6534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-6534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Yenchih Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Outcomes Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 400 Jon M. Huntsman Hall, 3730 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6302, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 400 Jon M. Huntsman Hall, 3730 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6302, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066853001","display_name":"Scott A. Lorch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-6752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-6752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott A. Lorch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Outcomes Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Division of Neonatology, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neonatology, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090252563","display_name":"Dylan S. Small","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-2646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan S. Small","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 400 Jon M. Huntsman Hall, 3730 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6302, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 400 Jon M. Huntsman Hall, 3730 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6302, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024599430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62633431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2-3","first_page":"119","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumental-variable-regression","display_name":"instrumental variable regression","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmeasured-confounding","display_name":"unmeasured confounding","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.8309986591339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.7576102018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7561028003692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.6604418754577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.6172540187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5338433980941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.514111340045929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5068958401679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4909563362598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153240184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243772","display_name":"Control variable","level":2,"score":0.45137327909469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4494563639163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27076804637908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.261944055557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.18019765615463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10547587275505066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10742-012-0095-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24290265","display_name":"Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology","issn_l":"1387-3741","issn":["1387-3741","1572-9400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.385.4946","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.385.4946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ljsavage.wharton.upenn.edu/~dsmall/perils_prospects.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/47947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/47947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"12","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:statistics_papers-1048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=statistics_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Statistics Papers","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118404613","https://openalex.org/W1490576214","https://openalex.org/W1574900540","https://openalex.org/W1895131631","https://openalex.org/W1911761979","https://openalex.org/W1963921006","https://openalex.org/W1986648662","https://openalex.org/W1989190276","https://openalex.org/W1994759290","https://openalex.org/W1997012198","https://openalex.org/W2012971421","https://openalex.org/W2019378607","https://openalex.org/W2038777424","https://openalex.org/W2052038764","https://openalex.org/W2074383849","https://openalex.org/W2080040321","https://openalex.org/W2083117436","https://openalex.org/W2083485815","https://openalex.org/W2085224165","https://openalex.org/W2097800881","https://openalex.org/W2099274660","https://openalex.org/W2116276405","https://openalex.org/W2119149467","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2143777080","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2146050890","https://openalex.org/W2152174098","https://openalex.org/W2155532314","https://openalex.org/W2159323838","https://openalex.org/W2260600530","https://openalex.org/W2326570151","https://openalex.org/W2485829443","https://openalex.org/W2568201814","https://openalex.org/W2795550005","https://openalex.org/W2890691259","https://openalex.org/W2895270050","https://openalex.org/W3121609054","https://openalex.org/W3123059484","https://openalex.org/W3133236490","https://openalex.org/W4246841801","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W4301511718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2412118930","https://openalex.org/W7125195677","https://openalex.org/W1847771980","https://openalex.org/W7097813451","https://openalex.org/W1413674966","https://openalex.org/W7095305259","https://openalex.org/W2089689285","https://openalex.org/W4366466045","https://openalex.org/W4403394643","https://openalex.org/W2301199057"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
