{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065699895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","title":"Second Graders as Spellers: What Types of Errors Are They Making?","display_name":"Second Graders as Spellers: What Types of Errors Are They Making?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065699895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","mag":"2065699895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1534508410380135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157569563","display_name":"Assessment for Effective Intervention","issn_l":"1534-5084","issn":["1534-5084","1938-7458"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment for Effective Intervention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051315740","display_name":"Elissa J. Arndt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I305130695","display_name":"Gordon College","ror":"https://ror.org/0364wpq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I305130695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elissa J. Arndt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Gordon College, Wenham, MA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Gordon College, Wenham, MA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I305130695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062741679","display_name":"Barbara R. Foorman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-3427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-3427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara R. Foorman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94818304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-errors","display_name":"spelling errors","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-grade-students","display_name":"second grade students","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transposition-errors","display_name":"transposition errors","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-instruction","display_name":"spelling instruction","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-achievement","display_name":"reading achievement","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-analysis","display_name":"error analysis","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.985479474067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6918489933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175694140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980329","display_name":"Orthographic projection","level":2,"score":0.5444910526275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4807150661945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4537300765514374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4226565957069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35002315044403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2672807574272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23701965808868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1534508410380135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157569563","display_name":"Assessment for Effective Intervention","issn_l":"1534-5084","issn":["1534-5084","1938-7458"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Assessment for Effective Intervention","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22913291","https://openalex.org/W623892231","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1496455473","https://openalex.org/W1497690213","https://openalex.org/W1509783262","https://openalex.org/W1562901594","https://openalex.org/W1680842844","https://openalex.org/W1964706915","https://openalex.org/W1977743432","https://openalex.org/W1981717705","https://openalex.org/W1981756485","https://openalex.org/W1995196170","https://openalex.org/W1999187293","https://openalex.org/W1999287278","https://openalex.org/W2004613599","https://openalex.org/W2004903891","https://openalex.org/W2006269440","https://openalex.org/W2032234782","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2044387832","https://openalex.org/W2045597008","https://openalex.org/W2058639778","https://openalex.org/W2059613236","https://openalex.org/W2061979024","https://openalex.org/W2062789920","https://openalex.org/W2074923447","https://openalex.org/W2088177990","https://openalex.org/W2088252767","https://openalex.org/W2098957430","https://openalex.org/W2100446292","https://openalex.org/W2103437222","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2109331365","https://openalex.org/W2118657233","https://openalex.org/W2790783572","https://openalex.org/W2803214903","https://openalex.org/W2904024318","https://openalex.org/W2942158143","https://openalex.org/W3003821392","https://openalex.org/W3007001392","https://openalex.org/W3034830354","https://openalex.org/W3127007127","https://openalex.org/W3130334456","https://openalex.org/W3143755009","https://openalex.org/W4236222714","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111865165","https://openalex.org/W2328071228","https://openalex.org/W3025871500","https://openalex.org/W2294575648","https://openalex.org/W2731753207","https://openalex.org/W2006020062","https://openalex.org/W7095612774","https://openalex.org/W1521674806","https://openalex.org/W4396924282","https://openalex.org/W2063622911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beginning":[0],"second-grade":[1],"students":[2,17,168],"(":[3],"N":[4],"=":[5],"60)":[6],"were":[7,18],"administered":[8],"a":[9,80,86],"researcher-developed,":[10],"dictated":[11],"spelling":[12,22,38,89,120,139,162],"test.":[13],"Spelling":[14],"errors":[15,40,49,90,163],"of":[16,46,68,72,88,95,134,138,146,155],"analyzed":[19],"by":[20,76,159],"grade-level":[21],"patterns":[23,117],"and":[24,32,64,158,180],"linguistic":[25,47,156],"characteristics:":[26],"phonological,":[27,60],"orthographic,":[28,63],"orthographic":[29,61],"image,":[30,62],"transposition,":[31,59],"morphological.":[33,65],"Results":[34],"revealed":[35],"that":[36,131],"morphological":[37],"pattern":[39,87,145],"occurred":[41],"most":[42],"frequently.":[43],"The":[44],"frequency":[45],"category":[48],"for":[50],"this":[51],"sample,":[52,97],"ranging":[53],"from":[54],"least":[55],"to":[56,92,129,170,178],"most,":[57],"was":[58],"Further":[66],"analysis":[67],"the":[69,93,96,135,144,166],"bottom":[70],"quarter":[71],"students,":[73],"as":[74,118],"determined":[75],"their":[77,142,161,172],"performance":[78],"on":[79,104,152,165],"timed":[81],"word":[82],"reading":[83],"measure,":[84],"indicated":[85],"similar":[91,115],"rest":[94],"but":[98,122],"occurring":[99],"in":[100,132,141],"significantly":[101],"greater":[102],"quantity":[103],"average.":[105],"These":[106],"findings":[107],"support":[108],"previous":[109],"research":[110],"suggesting":[111],"poor":[112],"spellers":[113],"display":[114],"error":[116],"better":[119],"peers,":[121],"with":[123],"higher":[124],"frequency.":[125],"Initial":[126],"implications":[127],"suggest":[128],"educators":[130],"spite":[133],"wide":[136],"range":[137],"ability":[140],"classrooms,":[143],"knowledge":[147],"appears":[148],"similar.":[149],"Students":[150],"rely":[151],"multiple":[153],"sources":[154],"knowledge,":[157],"analyzing":[160],"based":[164],"information":[167],"use":[169],"generate":[171],"spellings,":[173],"instruction":[174],"may":[175],"be":[176],"provided":[177],"explicitly":[179],"systematically":[181],"target":[182],"students\u2019":[183],"weaknesses.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
