{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065608759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","title":"Selection and Exclusion of Primary Care Physicians by Managed Care Organizations","display_name":"Selection and Exclusion of Primary Care Physicians by Managed Care Organizations","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065608759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","mag":"2065608759","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9496985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.279.9.675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008854587","display_name":"Andrew B. Bindman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B. Bindman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Primary Care Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94110, USA. bindman@itsa.ucsf.edu","Primary Care Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94110, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primary Care Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94110, USA. bindman@itsa.ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primary Care Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94110, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008854587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.7633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99272447,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"279","issue":"9","first_page":"675","last_page":"675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-physicians","display_name":"primary care physicians","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-termination","display_name":"contract termination","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-practice-associations","display_name":"independent practice associations","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-maintenance-organizations","display_name":"health maintenance organizations","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-contracting","display_name":"selective contracting","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-discrimination","display_name":"health care discrimination","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solo-practice","display_name":"solo practice","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capitation","display_name":"capitation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uninsured-patients","display_name":"uninsured patients","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underserved-populations","display_name":"underserved populations","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.8556374907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8397815823554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.8248578310012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.711616039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992556508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Health maintenance","level":3,"score":0.631428062915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.5198350548744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781158071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55379489","display_name":"Primary care physician","level":3,"score":0.46780896186828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124306116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2512965","display_name":"Ambulatory care","level":3,"score":0.4536520838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42955276370048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.34849658608436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002322","descriptor_name":"Career Mobility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003284","descriptor_name":"Contract Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003659","descriptor_name":"Decision Making, Organizational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010560","descriptor_name":"Personnel Selection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010560","descriptor_name":"Personnel Selection","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010821","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010821","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Family","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011364","descriptor_name":"Professional Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013038","descriptor_name":"Specialization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.279.9.675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9496985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9496985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/912597","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/912597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:188318","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988567978","https://openalex.org/W2032044912","https://openalex.org/W2036685064","https://openalex.org/W2058801221","https://openalex.org/W2189275781","https://openalex.org/W2336168880","https://openalex.org/W2403519496","https://openalex.org/W2417263197","https://openalex.org/W2611722053","https://openalex.org/W4233990298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411272724","https://openalex.org/W2415815033","https://openalex.org/W7056414217","https://openalex.org/W45111209","https://openalex.org/W2123289857","https://openalex.org/W3157599254","https://openalex.org/W2010256798","https://openalex.org/W1980266519","https://openalex.org/W2415974377","https://openalex.org/W2885062147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"Little":[1],"is":[2,30],"known":[3],"about":[4],"the":[5,20,35,49,130,187,216,310],"problems":[6],"physicians":[7,29,89,154,174,233,275,302],"may":[8,298],"be":[9,289,299],"encountering":[10],"in":[11,84,101,139,234,246,259,278],"gaining":[12],"access":[13],"to":[14,27,288,309],"managed":[15,24,45,62,125,221,230,235,279],"care":[16,25,46,58,74,88,126,153,173,231,236,274,282,308],"networks":[17],"and":[18,37,48,53,95,124,147,197,211,243,264],"whether":[19],"process":[21],"used":[22],"by":[23],"plans":[26],"select":[28],"discriminatory.":[31],"OBJECTIVE:":[32],"To":[33],"investigate":[34],"incidence":[36],"predictors":[38],"of":[39,43,68,72,79,151,170,190,198,218,241,307],"denials":[40,52],"or":[41,97,108,119,158,166,180,195,253],"terminations":[42,54],"physicians'":[44,59,224],"contracts":[47],"impact":[50],"these":[51],"had":[55,155,175,237,255],"on":[56,293],"primary":[57,73,141,152,172,273],"involvement":[60,219],"with":[61,113,163,220,229],"care.":[63,142,222,280],"DESIGN:":[64],"Cross-sectional":[65],"mail":[66],"survey":[67],"a":[69,111,161,193,204,251],"probability":[70],"sample":[71],"physicians.":[75],"SETTING:":[76],"A":[77],"total":[78],"13":[80],"large":[81],"urban":[82],"counties":[83],"California.":[85],"PARTICIPANTS:":[86],"Primary":[87],"(family":[90],"practice,":[91],"internal":[92],"medicine,":[93],"obstetrics":[94],"gynecology,":[96],"pediatrics)":[98],"who":[99,303],"work":[100],"office-based":[102,140,171],"practice.":[103,261],"MAIN":[104],"OUTCOME":[105],"MEASURES:":[106],"Denial":[107],"termination":[109,196,254],"from":[110,160,276],"contract":[112,162],"an":[114,164,201],"independent":[115],"practice":[116,185],"association":[117],"(IPA)":[118],"health":[120],"maintenance":[121],"organization":[122],"(HMO)":[123],"contracts.":[127],"RESULTS:":[128],"Of":[129],"947":[131],"respondents":[132],"(response":[133],"rate,":[134,149],"71%),":[135],"520":[136],"were":[137,227],"involved":[138],"After":[143],"adjusting":[144],"for":[145],"sampling":[146],"response":[148],"22%":[150],"been":[156],"denied":[157],"terminated":[159],"IPA":[165,179,202],"HMO,":[167],"but":[168,296],"87%":[169],"at":[176],"least":[177],"1":[178],"direct":[181,205],"HMO":[182,206],"contract.":[183,207],"Solo":[184],"was":[186],"strongest":[188],"predictor":[189],"having":[191,199],"experienced":[192],"denial":[194,252],"neither":[200],"nor":[203],"Physician":[208],"age,":[209],"sex,":[210],"race":[212],"did":[213],"not":[214,270,286],"predict":[215],"level":[217],"However,":[223],"patient":[225],"demographics":[226],"associated":[228],"participation;":[232],"significantly":[238],"lower":[239],"percentages":[240],"uninsured":[242],"nonwhite":[244],"patients":[245,258],"their":[247,260],"practices.":[248],"Physicians":[249],"experiencing":[250],"fewer":[256],"capitated":[257],"CONCLUSIONS:":[262],"Denials":[263],"terminations,":[265],"although":[266],"relatively":[267],"common,":[268],"do":[269],"preclude":[271],"most":[272],"participating":[277],"Managed":[281],"selective":[283],"contracting":[284],"does":[285],"appear":[287],"systematically":[290],"discriminatory":[291],"based":[292],"physician":[294],"characteristics,":[295],"it":[297],"biased":[300],"against":[301],"provide":[304],"greater":[305],"amounts":[306],"underserved.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}