{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065591176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","title":"The nature of irony: Toward a computational model of irony","display_name":"The nature of irony: Toward a computational model of irony","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065591176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","mag":"2065591176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186034587","display_name":"Journal of Pragmatics","issn_l":"0378-2166","issn":["0378-2166","1879-1387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pragmatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066520791","display_name":"David Littman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Littman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025051800","display_name":"Jacob L. Mey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-4149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-4149"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob L. Mey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3260,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3260},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96280959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"131","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.3458999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.3458999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.3240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12119","display_name":"Linguistics and Discourse Analysis","score":0.12809999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irony","display_name":"irony","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irony-detection","display_name":"irony detection","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcasm","display_name":"sarcasm","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humor","display_name":"humor","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communicative-goals","display_name":"communicative purpose","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779975665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131361","display_name":"Irony","level":2,"score":0.9934908151626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191035","display_name":"Sarcasm","level":3,"score":0.8091825246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.7270125150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11693617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181839","display_name":"Pragmatics","level":2,"score":0.6734675168991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6283681988716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.475723534822464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.44348886609077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197199266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7237641","display_name":"Pragmatic theory of truth","level":2,"score":0.4394236207008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40158650279045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22881367802619934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90057-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186034587","display_name":"Journal of Pragmatics","issn_l":"0378-2166","issn":["0378-2166","1879-1387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pragmatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109881707","https://openalex.org/W123366752","https://openalex.org/W744922079","https://openalex.org/W1578830675","https://openalex.org/W1997769988","https://openalex.org/W2010249114","https://openalex.org/W2070881626","https://openalex.org/W2093183130","https://openalex.org/W2317885532","https://openalex.org/W2334027360","https://openalex.org/W2799250301","https://openalex.org/W4249258521","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300413073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035438490","https://openalex.org/W2018029294","https://openalex.org/W2739518406","https://openalex.org/W4389966905","https://openalex.org/W2912372825","https://openalex.org/W4281480881","https://openalex.org/W2142112646","https://openalex.org/W2402977308","https://openalex.org/W7217047158","https://openalex.org/W7111742162"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}