{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065251306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","title":"Noninvasive Evaluation of Intrarenal Oxygenation With BOLD MRI","display_name":"Noninvasive Evaluation of Intrarenal Oxygenation With BOLD MRI","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065251306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","mag":"2065251306","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8989140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006014674","display_name":"Pottumarthi Vara Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-5465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-5465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pottumarthi V. Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014566663","display_name":"Robert R. Edelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-8822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-8822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert R. Edelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111705550","display_name":"Franklin H. Epstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin H. Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Departments of Radiology and Medicine (F.H.E.), Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5695,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":394,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94514613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"12","first_page":"3271","last_page":"3275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-medullary-hypoxia","display_name":"renal medullary hypoxia","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bold-mri","display_name":"BOLD MRI","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r2-relaxation-rate","display_name":"R2* relaxation rate","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diuresis","display_name":"diuresis","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/furosemide","display_name":"furosemide","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetazolamide","display_name":"acetazolamide","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-diuresis","display_name":"water diuresis","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deoxyhemoglobin","display_name":"deoxyhemoglobin","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-medulla","display_name":"renal medulla","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noninvasive-oxygen-measurement","display_name":"noninvasive oxygen measurement","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70289976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143603","display_name":"Oxygenation","level":2,"score":0.7447865009307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.727657675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781231759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58184","display_name":"Nephron","level":3,"score":0.6676766872406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17291353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6807308","display_name":"Medulla","level":2,"score":0.565938413143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195121873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131385","display_name":"Medullary cavity","level":2,"score":0.5649726986885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584691","display_name":"Diuresis","level":3,"score":0.5607560873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7836513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641506","display_name":"Hypoxia (environmental)","level":3,"score":0.5371445417404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993207723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927803","display_name":"Oxygen tension","level":3,"score":0.5194618105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.5089766979217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777955127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388801","display_name":"Furosemide","level":2,"score":0.4879116714000702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409399","display_name":"Renal medulla","level":3,"score":0.4824562668800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158846371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Blood flow","level":2,"score":0.482145756483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4190056622028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4106537997722626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3655051589012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.3499361574649811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15792763233184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086","descriptor_name":"Acetazolamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004231","descriptor_name":"Diuresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004232","descriptor_name":"Diuretics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005665","descriptor_name":"Furosemide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007668","descriptor_name":"Kidney","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007672","descriptor_name":"Kidney Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007679","descriptor_name":"Kidney Medulla","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008322","descriptor_name":"Mammals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009399","descriptor_name":"Nephrons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010108","descriptor_name":"Oxyhemoglobins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010313","descriptor_name":"Partial Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8989140","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8989140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7971231651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R0-18078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185618015","https://openalex.org/W1869020620","https://openalex.org/W1980086703","https://openalex.org/W1982628508","https://openalex.org/W1983469458","https://openalex.org/W1997017061","https://openalex.org/W2000499760","https://openalex.org/W2002660165","https://openalex.org/W2002882025","https://openalex.org/W2016734507","https://openalex.org/W2040623992","https://openalex.org/W2046956491","https://openalex.org/W2070450342","https://openalex.org/W2070985643","https://openalex.org/W2071714163","https://openalex.org/W2074135298","https://openalex.org/W2075882775","https://openalex.org/W2079842952","https://openalex.org/W2103681669","https://openalex.org/W2113526842","https://openalex.org/W2113736757","https://openalex.org/W2170117095","https://openalex.org/W2402237410","https://openalex.org/W2434358578","https://openalex.org/W4211071627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995879209","https://openalex.org/W2042378047","https://openalex.org/W2006739853","https://openalex.org/W7098238569","https://openalex.org/W2047619743","https://openalex.org/W117531942","https://openalex.org/W172903145","https://openalex.org/W2033275960","https://openalex.org/W1987348511","https://openalex.org/W1972409250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"countercurrent":[2],"arrangement":[3],"of":[4,11,17,33,41,45,54,65,76,83,100,127,150,184,186,197],"capillary":[5],"blood":[6,84,153],"flow":[7],"in":[8,30,62,93,95,104,116,152,155,189,200,224,240,243,245],"the":[9,21,25,37,42,52,66,69,74,81,125,148,181,190],"medulla":[10],"mammalian":[12],"kidneys":[13],"generates":[14],"a":[15,31,55,78,98,246],"gradient":[16],"oxygen":[18,204],"tension":[19],"between":[20],"renal":[22,38],"cortex":[23],"and":[24,106,124,154,192],"papillary":[26],"tip":[27],"that":[28,132,210],"results":[29],"state":[32],"relative":[34],"hypoxia":[35,47],"within":[36],"medulla.":[39],"Exploration":[40],"pathophysiological":[43],"implications":[44],"medullary":[46,169,214],"has":[48],"been":[49],"hampered":[50],"by":[51],"absence":[53],"noninvasive":[56,247],"technique":[57],"to":[58,97,147,157,237],"estimate":[59],"intrarenal":[60,241],"oxygenation":[61,85,170,215,242],"different":[63,129],"zones":[64],"kidney.":[67],"In":[68],"present":[70],"study,":[71],"we":[72],"demonstrate":[73],"feasibility":[75],"such":[77],"method":[79],"on":[80],"basis":[82],"level-dependent":[86],"(BOLD)":[87],"MRI,":[88],"which":[89,143],"allows":[90],"sequential":[91],"measurements":[92,113,196],"humans":[94,244],"response":[96],"variety":[99],"physiological/":[101],"pharmacological":[102],"stimuli":[103],"health":[105],"disease.":[107],"METHODS":[108],"AND":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"BOLD":[111,232],"MRI":[112,233],"were":[114,135],"obtained":[115],"healthy":[117],"young":[118,225],"human":[119,226],"subjects":[120,227],"(n":[121,164,228],"=":[122,165,173,218,229],"7),":[123],"effects":[126,199],"three":[128],"pharmacological/physiological":[130],"maneuvers":[131],"induce":[133],"diuresis":[134,212],"studied.":[136],"Spin-spin":[137],"relaxation":[138],"rate,":[139],"R2*,":[140],"was":[141],"measured,":[142],"is":[144,209],"directly":[145],"related":[146],"amount":[149],"deoxyhemoglobin":[151],"turn":[156],"tissue":[158],"PO2.":[159],"Furosemide":[160],"but":[161],"not":[162],"acetazolamide":[163],"6":[166],"each)":[167],"increased":[168],"(delta":[171,216],"R2*":[172,217],"7.62":[174],"Hz;":[175,220],"P":[176,221],"<":[177,222],".01),":[178],"consistent":[179],"with":[180,193,203],"separate":[182],"sites":[183],"action":[185],"these":[187],"diuretics":[188],"nephron":[191],"previous":[194],"direct":[195],"their":[198],"anesthetized":[201],"rats":[202],"microelectrodes.":[205],"A":[206],"new":[207],"finding":[208],"water":[211],"improves":[213],"6.43":[219],".01)":[223],"5).":[230],"CONCLUSIONS:":[231],"can":[234],"be":[235],"used":[236],"monitor":[238],"changes":[239],"fashion.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}