{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064876804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","title":"Identifying Sex from Handwriting","display_name":"Identifying Sex from Handwriting","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064876804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","mag":"2064876804","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055415239","display_name":"William N. Hayes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45644089","display_name":"Albion College","ror":"https://ror.org/05nnk3913","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45644089"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William N. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albion College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albion College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45644089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055415239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45644089"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"3","first_page":"791","last_page":"800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.3190999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.3190999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.1517000049352646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"handwriting","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive-writing","display_name":"cursive script","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-perception","display_name":"gender perception","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorship-attribution","display_name":"authorship attribution","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-estimation","display_name":"age estimation","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-analysis","display_name":"handwriting analysis","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-movement","display_name":"body movement","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9809406995773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.7900493741035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6299213171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5033909678459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4122329652309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40806320309638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3779287040233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3500984311103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3399810791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33924463391304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.290762335062027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.060903191566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005783","descriptor_name":"Gender Identity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8961315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and motor skills","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984176975","https://openalex.org/W1986874010","https://openalex.org/W2050056999","https://openalex.org/W2104851049","https://openalex.org/W2115149050","https://openalex.org/W2121799421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155695376","https://openalex.org/W2007634234","https://openalex.org/W4382918589","https://openalex.org/W3097944828","https://openalex.org/W6991833703","https://openalex.org/W1969548078","https://openalex.org/W1594365549","https://openalex.org/W4285242196","https://openalex.org/W7220018454","https://openalex.org/W2900727477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1],"to":[2,29],"infer":[3],"the":[4,7,34,55,60,81,91],"sex":[5,72],"of":[6,17,42,59,90],"writer":[8,61],"from":[9,66],"cursive":[10],"handwriting":[11,78],"was":[12,62,69],"examined":[13],"under":[14],"a":[15,46,50],"range":[16],"conditions.":[18],"In":[19],"5":[20],"experiments":[21],"male":[22],"and":[23],"female":[24],"college":[25],"students":[26],"were":[27],"able":[28],"perform":[30],"this":[31],"task":[32],"at":[33],"75%":[35],"accuracy":[36],"level":[37],"even":[38],"with":[39],"small":[40],"amounts":[41],"material,":[43],"sometimes":[44],"only":[45],"single":[47,51],"letter":[48],"or":[49,73],"geometric":[52],"pattern.":[53],"On":[54],"other":[56],"hand,":[57],"age":[58],"just":[63],"barely":[64],"discernible":[65],"handwriting.":[67],"It":[68],"suggested":[70],"that":[71],"gender":[74],"is":[75,86],"present":[76,87],"in":[77,79,88],"much":[80],"same":[82],"way":[83],"as":[84],"it":[85],"movement":[89],"whole":[92],"body.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
