{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064449110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","title":"Export Marketing in the Middle East. The Importance of Cultural Differences","display_name":"Export Marketing in the Middle East. The Importance of Cultural Differences","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064449110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","mag":"2064449110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000004808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89389284","display_name":"European Journal of Marketing","issn_l":"0309-0566","issn":["0309-0566","1758-7123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001477022","display_name":"A.M. Elbashier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.M. Elbashier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J.R. Nicholls","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Nicholls","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78238342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.4332999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.4332999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.13539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.12300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-marketing","display_name":"export marketing","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-differences","display_name":"cultural differences","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-world","display_name":"Arab world","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muslim-countries","display_name":"Muslim-majority countries","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-mix","display_name":"marketing mix","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-literacy","display_name":"language and literacy","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolism","display_name":"symbolism","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-research","display_name":"market analysis","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subculture","display_name":"subculture","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-sensitivity","display_name":"cultural sensitivity","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.8103735446929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6861423254013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.6639484167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.6238670945167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.6140633821487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985989394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746910","display_name":"International marketing","level":2,"score":0.5498337149620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98716237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193959","display_name":"Marketing mix","level":2,"score":0.5074815154075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93032411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363963","display_name":"Marketing strategy","level":2,"score":0.4740980565547943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.43655213713645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48891531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141436","display_name":"Marketing research","level":2,"score":0.43136125802993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.43018779158592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42411357164382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3354658782482147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32039588689804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.188149094581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1066829264163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000004808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89389284","display_name":"European Journal of Marketing","issn_l":"0309-0566","issn":["0309-0566","1758-7123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Marketing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140890004","https://openalex.org/W1972557675","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W2033520963","https://openalex.org/W2045595431","https://openalex.org/W2313838856","https://openalex.org/W2315324642","https://openalex.org/W2328255415","https://openalex.org/W2902141471","https://openalex.org/W4301377693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W177553656","https://openalex.org/W2488653548","https://openalex.org/W7135786600","https://openalex.org/W73101360","https://openalex.org/W2023118506","https://openalex.org/W2053765148","https://openalex.org/W2021443272","https://openalex.org/W2031385198","https://openalex.org/W7132389674","https://openalex.org/W1031460161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Examines":[0],"the":[1,11,15,21,39,50,54,70,83,125,129,136],"barriers":[2],"caused":[3],"by":[4],"cultural":[5,89],"differences":[6],"when":[7],"marketing":[8,48,71,80,108],"goods":[9],"in":[10,20,30,35,47,49,82,91,106,135],"Middle":[12,84],"East.":[13],"Highlights":[14],"growth":[16],"of":[17,41,56,133],"Islamic":[18],"countries":[19],"international":[22],"marketplace":[23],"\u2013":[24],"exports":[25],"soared":[26],"from":[27],"$15,000":[28],"million":[29,34],"1973":[31],"to":[32,75],"$78,000":[33],"1978.":[36],"Draws":[37],"on":[38,69],"results":[40],"research":[42],"with":[43],"companies":[44,86],"actively":[45],"involved":[46],"Arab":[51,104,126],"world.":[52],"Defines":[53],"concept":[55],"culture.":[57],"Describes":[58],"how":[59],"custom":[60],"and":[61,65,94,112,118,128,131],"tradition,":[62],"language,":[63],"literacy":[64],"symbolism":[66],"can":[67],"impact":[68],"mix.":[72],"Concludes":[73],"that":[74],"carry":[76],"out":[77,98],"a":[78],"successful":[79],"policy":[81],"East,":[85],"must:":[87],"Approach":[88],"problems":[90],"an":[92],"organized":[93],"systematic":[95],"way;":[96],"Carry":[97],"in\u2010depth":[99],"market":[100],"research;":[101],"Consider":[102],"employing":[103],"national":[105],"senior":[107],"positions;":[109],"Observe":[110,116],"tradition":[111,117],"avoid":[113,119],"offending":[114,120],"beliefs;":[115,121],"Recognize":[122],"sub\u2010cultures":[123],"within":[124],"world":[127],"speed":[130],"scope":[132],"change":[134],"region.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}