{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064321129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","title":"Legal constraints and opportunities for biochar: a case analysis of EU law","display_name":"Legal constraints and opportunities for biochar: a case analysis of EU law","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064321129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","mag":"2064321129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/gcbb.12114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192395394","display_name":"GCB Bioenergy","issn_l":"1757-1693","issn":["1757-1693","1757-1707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GCB Bioenergy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057502569","display_name":"Tania Van Laer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tania van Laer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103016231","display_name":"Peter De Smedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-4017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-4017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter de Smedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085451536","display_name":"Frederik Ronsse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-9177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-9177"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik Ronsse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067308205","display_name":"Greet Ruysschaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-0337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-0337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145253","display_name":"Instituut voor Landbouw en Visserijonderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/05cjt1n05","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145253"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greet Ruysschaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Merelbeke 9820 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Merelbeke 9820 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012160633","display_name":"Pascal Boeckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Boeckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Isotope Bioscience Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Isotope Bioscience Laboratory; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090222404","display_name":"Willy Verstraete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3140-3713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3140-3713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willy Verstraete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of BioScience Engineering Laboratory for Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of BioScience Engineering Laboratory for Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET) Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037476079","display_name":"Jeroen Buysse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-2994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-2994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen Buysse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057361079","display_name":"Luc Lavrysen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-2134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-2134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc J. Lavrysen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Law; Centre for Environmental and Energy law; Ghent University; Ghent 9000 Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057502569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":3180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3180},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93021506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13758","display_name":"Energy Law and Policy","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13758","display_name":"Energy Law and Policy","score":0.4269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14448","display_name":"EU Law and Policy Analysis","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13240","display_name":"Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development","score":0.0649000033736229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-law","display_name":"European Union law","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-uncertainty","display_name":"scientific uncertainty","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lobbying","display_name":"lobbying","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdisciplinary-collaboration","display_name":"interdisciplinary collaboration","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioenergy","display_name":"bioenergy","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9207580089569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7209765911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.6585566997528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4748395085334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4573693871498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36290615797042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.35831382870674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.33342796564102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3069695830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2577438950538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.17198315262794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16746103763580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1356126070022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/gcbb.12114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192395394","display_name":"GCB Bioenergy","issn_l":"1757-1693","issn":["1757-1693","1757-1707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GCB Bioenergy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:4223234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4223234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1757-1693","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W962498352","https://openalex.org/W1512542114","https://openalex.org/W1903241269","https://openalex.org/W1905009379","https://openalex.org/W2000079626","https://openalex.org/W2002144749","https://openalex.org/W2004615764","https://openalex.org/W2013176184","https://openalex.org/W2032813423","https://openalex.org/W2043444586","https://openalex.org/W2051769438","https://openalex.org/W2062159269","https://openalex.org/W2076627849","https://openalex.org/W2097643082","https://openalex.org/W2129623720","https://openalex.org/W2132407977","https://openalex.org/W2132724021","https://openalex.org/W2141370599","https://openalex.org/W2143622515","https://openalex.org/W2153698937","https://openalex.org/W2154726800","https://openalex.org/W2170401055","https://openalex.org/W2182219586","https://openalex.org/W2258242373","https://openalex.org/W2325161893","https://openalex.org/W2341302532","https://openalex.org/W2890648565","https://openalex.org/W2933820153","https://openalex.org/W4251064196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980808203","https://openalex.org/W2555192778","https://openalex.org/W2809110624","https://openalex.org/W2581272256","https://openalex.org/W2795322890","https://openalex.org/W4409625572","https://openalex.org/W4295227188","https://openalex.org/W2521934110","https://openalex.org/W2782291894","https://openalex.org/W4417060849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,49],"article":[2],"addresses":[3],"biochar":[4,40,56,92,135],"from":[5,17],"a":[6,18,26,39,58,62,80,131],"legal":[7,34],"point":[8,21],"of":[9,22,38,64,72,82,90],"view.":[10],"It":[11],"analyses":[12],"different":[13,118],"policies":[14,83,101],"and":[15,24,28,44,61,84,102,115,133],"regulations":[16],"European":[19],"(Flemish)":[20],"view":[23],"provides":[25],"first":[27],"general":[29],"insight":[30],"in":[31,107],"what":[32,45],"potential":[33],"constraints":[35],"the":[36,53,70,76,88,91],"development":[37,89],"industry":[41],"might":[42],"face":[43],"opportunities":[46],"lie":[47],"ahead.":[48],"is":[50,57,96],"due":[51],"to":[52,129],"fact":[54],"that":[55,98],"recent":[59],"product":[60],"lot":[63],"scientific":[65],"uncertainty":[66],"still":[67],"exists":[68],"regarding":[69],"consequences":[71],"its":[73],"application.":[74],"From":[75],"analysis":[77],"it":[78,95],"appears":[79],"multitude":[81],"legislative":[85,103],"measures":[86,104],"influence":[87],"industry.":[93],"Hence,":[94],"important":[97],"all":[99],"these":[100],"are":[105],"analyzed":[106],"an":[108],"appropriate":[109],"manner.":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"considerable":[112],"lobbying,":[113],"negotiating":[114],"cooperation":[116],"between":[117],"disciplines":[119],"(legal,":[120],"scientific,":[121],"economical,":[122],"etc.)":[123],"will":[124],"be":[125],"required":[126],"so":[127],"as":[128],"develop":[130],"feasible":[132],"safe":[134],"framework.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
