{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064310561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","title":"Beta Defensin-2 Is Reduced in Central but Not in Distal Airways of Smoker COPD Patients","display_name":"Beta Defensin-2 Is Reduced in Central but Not in Distal Airways of Smoker COPD Patients","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064310561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","mag":"2064310561","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22438960","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3306426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033601&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033601&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062951393","display_name":"Elisabetta Pace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1141-9010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1141-9010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Pace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy. pace@ibim.cnr.it","Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; National Research Council; Palermo Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy. pace@ibim.cnr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology; National Research Council; Palermo Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003759113","display_name":"Maria Ferraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-7446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-7446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Ferraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007503995","display_name":"Marta Ida Minervini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Ida Minervini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029267247","display_name":"Patrizio Vitulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-0208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-0208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53150968","display_name":"Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxgvn87","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizio Vitulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and for High Specialised Therapies, ISMETT, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and for High Specialised Therapies, ISMETT, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054758391","display_name":"Loredana Pipitone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53150968","display_name":"Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxgvn87","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loredana Pipitone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and for High Specialised Therapies, ISMETT, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and for High Specialised Therapies, ISMETT, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064642801","display_name":"Giuseppina Chiappara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-5660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-5660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppina Chiappara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002911229","display_name":"Liboria Siena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3182-9503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3182-9503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liboria Siena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486570","display_name":"Angela Marina Montalbano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-4834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-4834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Marina Montalbano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111565413","display_name":"Malcolm W. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268060","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mayyh83","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268060"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065733629","display_name":"Mark Gjomarkaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-745X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-745X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105756","display_name":"Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy","ror":"https://ror.org/01dy2q607","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Gjomarkaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062951393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105756","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":7.1048,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9727238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"e33601","last_page":"e33601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11103","display_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-beta-defensin-2","display_name":"human beta-defensin 2","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchial-epithelium","display_name":"bronchial epithelium","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-airways","display_name":"central airways","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distal-airways","display_name":"distal airways","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoke-exposure","display_name":"cigarette smoke exposure","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab","display_name":"NF-\u03baB","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1-fvc-ratio","display_name":"FEV1/FVC ratio","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-colonization","display_name":"bacterial colonization","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.9341657161712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6991876363754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129437159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4897294","display_name":"Beta defensin","level":4,"score":0.49103355407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4906729459762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.474016010761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776070231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914098","display_name":"TLR4","level":3,"score":0.46842634677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.4137618839740753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3539123833179474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3001885414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.29502081871032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.27262571454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.06184273958206177}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015536","descriptor_name":"Down-Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023083","descriptor_name":"beta-Defensins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023083","descriptor_name":"beta-Defensins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051197","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptor 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060888","descriptor_name":"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033601&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22438960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22438960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3306426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3306426/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:14157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/14157/8/licence.txt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.349.2201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.349.2201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/fc/f8/PLoS_One_2012_Mar_16_7(3)_e33601.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:173f70ea688044e786d8073cb81b3a53","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/173f70ea688044e786d8073cb81b3a53","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e33601 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033601","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033601&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3919632976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CDS014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307773","funder_display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307773","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline","ror":"https://ror.org/01xsqw823"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322991","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2064310561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2064310561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1214723959","https://openalex.org/W1486583206","https://openalex.org/W1516022962","https://openalex.org/W1573084537","https://openalex.org/W1747652534","https://openalex.org/W1839386272","https://openalex.org/W1926345682","https://openalex.org/W1930598094","https://openalex.org/W1977345574","https://openalex.org/W1982820261","https://openalex.org/W2004927458","https://openalex.org/W2012738222","https://openalex.org/W2036327819","https://openalex.org/W2052497181","https://openalex.org/W2052626150","https://openalex.org/W2060729541","https://openalex.org/W2076515829","https://openalex.org/W2077762362","https://openalex.org/W2079884351","https://openalex.org/W2080183381","https://openalex.org/W2087712400","https://openalex.org/W2088593313","https://openalex.org/W2097805909","https://openalex.org/W2098666638","https://openalex.org/W2099627512","https://openalex.org/W2105812200","https://openalex.org/W2111830238","https://openalex.org/W2111981586","https://openalex.org/W2112334970","https://openalex.org/W2116034738","https://openalex.org/W2124181587","https://openalex.org/W2127327473","https://openalex.org/W2127666096","https://openalex.org/W2128395231","https://openalex.org/W2130458485","https://openalex.org/W2143112023","https://openalex.org/W2143127434","https://openalex.org/W2153328681","https://openalex.org/W2155930122","https://openalex.org/W2171649568","https://openalex.org/W2418687937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005825715","https://openalex.org/W2354522898","https://openalex.org/W2374471457","https://openalex.org/W2356166207","https://openalex.org/W2008409352","https://openalex.org/W2004927458","https://openalex.org/W2097805909","https://openalex.org/W584828526","https://openalex.org/W2083960638","https://openalex.org/W2143112023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Altered":[1],"pulmonary":[2,7,34],"defenses":[3],"in":[4,48,106,202,209],"chronic":[5],"obstructive":[6],"disease":[8],"(COPD)":[9],"may":[10],"promote":[11],"distal":[12,83],"airways":[13,108],"bacterial":[14],"colonization.":[15],"The":[16,38],"expression/activation":[17],"of":[18,41,44,109,180,205],"Toll":[19],"Like":[20],"receptors":[21],"(TLR)":[22],"and":[23,43,72,89,95,115,143,166,183,188],"beta":[24],"2":[25],"defensin":[26],"(HBD2)":[27],"release":[28],"by":[29,127],"epithelial":[30,39,133,154],"cells":[31],"crucially":[32],"affect":[33],"defence":[35],"mechanisms.":[36],"METHODS:":[37],"expression":[40,103,124,137,165],"TLR4":[42,88,99],"HBD2":[45,102,122,136,163,189],"was":[46,104],"assessed":[47],"surgical":[49],"specimens":[50],"from":[51,73],"current":[52],"smokers":[53,65],"COPD":[54,60,67],"(s-COPD;":[55],"n":[56,62,69,78],"=":[57,63,70,79],"17),":[58],"ex-smokers":[59],"(ex-s-COPD;":[61],"8),":[64],"without":[66],"(S;":[68],"12),":[71],"non-smoker":[74],"non-COPD":[75],"subjects":[76],"(C;":[77],"13).":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"In":[82,91,151],"airways,":[84,93],"s-COPD":[85,96,110,118],"highly":[86],"expressed":[87],"HBD2.":[90],"central":[92,107],"S":[94,114],"showed":[97],"increased":[98],"expression.":[100],"Lower":[101],"observed":[105],"when":[111],"compared":[112],"to":[113,116],"ex-s-COPD.":[117],"had":[119],"a":[120,152],"reduced":[121],"gene":[123],"as":[125],"demonstrated":[126],"real-time":[128],"PCR":[129],"on":[130,197],"micro-dissected":[131],"bronchial":[132,153],"cells.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"positively":[138],"correlated":[139,145],"with":[140,146],"FEV1/FVC":[141],"ratio":[142],"inversely":[144],"the":[147,162,178,184,198,203],"cigarette":[148,167],"smoke":[149,168],"exposure.":[150],"cell":[155],"line":[156],"(16":[157],"HBE)":[158],"IL-1\u03b2":[159],"significantly":[160,170],"induced":[161],"mRNA":[164],"extracts":[169],"counteracted":[171],"this":[172],"IL-1":[173],"mediated":[174],"effect":[175],"reducing":[176],"both":[177],"activation":[179],"NFkB":[181,187],"pathway":[182],"interaction":[185],"between":[186],"promoter.":[190],"CONCLUSIONS:":[191],"This":[192],"study":[193],"provides":[194],"new":[195],"insights":[196],"possible":[199],"mechanisms":[200,208],"involved":[201],"alteration":[204],"innate":[206],"immunity":[207],"COPD.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
