{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064037367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","title":"A new approach to automatic disc localization in clinical lumbar MRI: Combining machine learning with heuristics","display_name":"A new approach to automatic disc localization in clinical lumbar MRI: Combining machine learning with heuristics","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064037367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","mag":"2064037367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605129","display_name":"IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 9th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103495890","display_name":"Subarna Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subarna Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012263614","display_name":"Manavender R. Malgireddy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manavender R. Malgireddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004523290","display_name":"Vipin Chaudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-6225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-6225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipin Chaudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111738155","display_name":"Gurmeet S. Dhillon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurmeet Dhillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Proscan Imaging, Inc., Williamsville, NY, USA","Proscan Imaging Inc., Williamsville, NY 14221"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Proscan Imaging, Inc., Williamsville, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Proscan Imaging Inc., Williamsville, NY 14221","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90125601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"114","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-spine-mri","display_name":"lumbar spine MRI","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-back-pain","display_name":"low back pain","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-boxes","display_name":"bounding boxes","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-refinement","display_name":"heuristic refinement","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.9829999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.7841535806655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7010055780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6940913200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6718755960464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.6471747756004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6444113254547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5780593156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.5306139588356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5223451852798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.45423123240470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4533424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.44463542103767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42068976163864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41285771131515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3672643005847931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35546961426734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.159731924533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15490910410881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.08690410852432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07016155123710632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06780785322189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605129","display_name":"IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 9th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13637491","https://openalex.org/W1542060247","https://openalex.org/W1981696121","https://openalex.org/W2001104199","https://openalex.org/W2045204460","https://openalex.org/W2092416145","https://openalex.org/W2097379642","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2318948795","https://openalex.org/W2399990084","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W6693823775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967799757","https://openalex.org/W13637491","https://openalex.org/W2084765810","https://openalex.org/W2097379642","https://openalex.org/W1981696121","https://openalex.org/W206348416","https://openalex.org/W2608488015","https://openalex.org/W2045732143","https://openalex.org/W2952587943","https://openalex.org/W2737044098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lower":[0],"back":[1,45],"pain":[2,23],"(LBP)":[3],"is":[4,36],"widely":[5],"prevalent":[6],"in":[7,26,56],"people":[8],"all":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,16,37,51,130],"world":[12],"and":[13,24,70,100,132,139],"negatively":[14],"affects":[15],"quality":[17],"of":[18,30,43,50,88,134],"life":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,109,128],"chronic":[22],"change":[25],"posture.":[27],"Automatic":[28],"localization":[29,73,113],"intervertebral":[31],"discs":[32],"from":[33],"lumbar":[34,62,120],"MRI":[35],"first":[38],"step":[39,68],"towards":[40],"computer-aided":[41],"diagnosis":[42],"lower":[44],"ailments.":[46],"Till":[47],"date,":[48],"most":[49],"research":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"useful":[55],"determining":[57],"a":[58,72,77],"point":[59],"within":[60],"each":[61,82],"disc,":[63],"hence":[64],"we":[65],"go":[66],"one":[67],"further":[69],"propose":[71],"method":[74],"which":[75],"outputs":[76],"tight":[78],"bounding":[79,137],"box":[80,138],"for":[81],"disc.":[83],"We":[84,122],"use":[85],"HOG":[86],"(Histogram":[87],"Oriented":[89],"Gradients)":[90],"features":[91],"along":[92],"with":[93,107,143],"SVM":[94],"(Support":[95],"Vector":[96],"Machine)":[97],"as":[98],"classifier":[99],"successfully":[101],"combine":[102],"these":[103],"machine":[104],"learning":[105],"techniques":[106],"heuristics":[108],"achieve":[110],"99%":[111],"disc":[112,136],"accuracy":[114,131],"on":[115],"53":[116],"clinical":[117],"cases":[118],"(318":[119],"discs).":[121],"also":[123],"devise":[124],"our":[125,135,141],"own":[126],"metrics":[127],"evaluate":[129],"tightness":[133],"compare":[140],"results":[142],"previous":[144],"research.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}