{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063877779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","title":"Two Rules of Identification for Structural Equation Models","display_name":"Two Rules of Identification for Structural Equation Models","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063877779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","mag":"2063877779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10705510903008261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78020522","display_name":"Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal","issn_l":"1070-5511","issn":["1070-5511","1532-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047232270","display_name":"Kenneth A. Bollen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-3800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-3800"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Bollen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000203707","display_name":"Walter R. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-4082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-4082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302741095","display_name":"Statistics New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/055qjgz33","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302741095","https://openalex.org/I2802073567"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter R. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302741095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95921444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"523","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"structural equation modeling","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"identification","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necessary-and-sufficient-conditions","display_name":"necessary and sufficient conditions","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-identification","display_name":"local identification","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8796545267105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.8106861114501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5344374179840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.5126253962516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3072727620601654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14188772439956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10705510903008261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78020522","display_name":"Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal","issn_l":"1070-5511","issn":["1070-5511","1532-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:eispapers-1826","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57739650","https://openalex.org/W1571998446","https://openalex.org/W1929855658","https://openalex.org/W1972876536","https://openalex.org/W1984102802","https://openalex.org/W1984171443","https://openalex.org/W1999864476","https://openalex.org/W2001625347","https://openalex.org/W2010004363","https://openalex.org/W2018900605","https://openalex.org/W2021641691","https://openalex.org/W2025839854","https://openalex.org/W2043589945","https://openalex.org/W2052975913","https://openalex.org/W2059334100","https://openalex.org/W2067076771","https://openalex.org/W2092709870","https://openalex.org/W2320067610","https://openalex.org/W2328385835","https://openalex.org/W2917388694","https://openalex.org/W3022438483","https://openalex.org/W4298091299","https://openalex.org/W4298421306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008399786","https://openalex.org/W2043589945","https://openalex.org/W4409774949","https://openalex.org/W2018185388","https://openalex.org/W1999864476","https://openalex.org/W3129851740","https://openalex.org/W7010039540","https://openalex.org/W2553565346","https://openalex.org/W2020982122","https://openalex.org/W4390943647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identification":[0],"of":[1,14,33,36,56,74,88,94,102,120],"structural":[2,20,103],"equation":[3,21,104],"models":[4,45,105],"remains":[5],"a":[6,71,80,121],"challenge":[7],"to":[8],"many":[9],"researchers.":[10],"Although":[11],"empirical":[12],"tests":[13],"identification":[15,27,37,75,123],"are":[16,38],"readily":[17],"available":[18],"in":[19,47],"modeling":[22],"software,":[23],"these":[24,89],"examine":[25],"local":[26],"and":[28,63,76,85,91],"rely":[29],"on":[30],"sample":[31],"estimates":[32],"parameters.":[34],"Rules":[35],"available,":[39],"but":[40],"do":[41],"not":[42],"include":[43],"all":[44],"encountered":[46],"practice.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"article":[51],"we":[52,107],"provide":[53,92],"2":[54],"rules":[55,90,98],"identification:":[57],"the":[58,64,77,100],"2+":[59],"emitted":[60],"paths":[61],"rule":[62],"exogenous":[65],"X":[66],"rule.":[67],"The":[68],"former":[69],"is":[70,79],"necessary":[72],"condition":[73],"latter":[78],"sufficient":[81],"condition.":[82],"We":[83,112],"explain":[84,114],"prove":[86],"each":[87],"illustrations":[93],"their":[95,127],"application.":[96],"These":[97],"extend":[99],"coverage":[101],"that":[106,125],"can":[108,117],"check":[109],"for":[110],"identification.":[111],"also":[113],"how":[115],"they":[116],"be":[118],"part":[119],"piecewise":[122],"strategy":[124],"extends":[126],"use":[128],"even":[129],"further.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
