{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063739166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","title":"Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Diverse Population Using a Visual Analogue Scale","display_name":"Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Diverse Population Using a Visual Analogue Scale","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063739166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","mag":"2063739166","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15116282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1310/JFXH-G3X2-EYM6-D6UG?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13415641","display_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1528-4336","issn":["1528-4336","1945-5771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1310/JFXH-G3X2-EYM6-D6UG?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007987910","display_name":"Thomas Peter Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-5530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-5530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","Sections of Infectious Diseases and Health Services Research Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sections of Infectious Diseases and Health Services Research Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010333927","display_name":"David Guzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4206-8890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4206-8890"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Guzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111853222","display_name":"Richard A.F. Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000997859","display_name":"Edwin D. Charlebois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-2119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-2119"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin D. Charlebois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073389592","display_name":"David R. Bangsberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-8908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-8908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Bangsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases; Positive Health ProgramSan Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California","Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases","Positive Health ProgramSan Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases; Positive Health ProgramSan Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions CenterDivision of Infectious Diseases","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Positive Health ProgramSan Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007987910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8434,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":341,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9503835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"74","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.09510000050067902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy-adherence","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy adherence","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analog-scale","display_name":"visual analogue scale","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigent-patients","display_name":"indigent patients","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-viral-load","display_name":"HIV viral load","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-intercomparison","display_name":"instrument comparison","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.8826828002929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8568185567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81603835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457430","display_name":"Pill","level":2,"score":0.7447899580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6371613144874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.5637211203575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45563381910324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.43009477853775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42068302631378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.3144681751728058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2374723255634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.20087715983390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.09222611784934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09053173661231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006703","descriptor_name":"Ill-Housed Persons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010349","descriptor_name":"Patient Compliance","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012495","descriptor_name":"San Francisco","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012646","descriptor_name":"Self Administration","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017664","descriptor_name":"Uncompensated Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1310/JFXH-G3X2-EYM6-D6UG?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13415641","display_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1528-4336","issn":["1528-4336","1945-5771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15116282","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15116282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV clinical trials","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1310/jfxh-g3x2-eym6-d6ug","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1310/JFXH-G3X2-EYM6-D6UG?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13415641","display_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1528-4336","issn":["1528-4336","1945-5771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HIV Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1515058745","display_name":"A RCT of HIV Adherence Case Management and Modified DOT","funder_award_id":"R01MH064388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4580303903","display_name":"Novel approaches to monitoring and utilizing adherence to HIV therapy in Africa","funder_award_id":"R01MH054907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5161386601","display_name":"HIV, Race and Survival in the Highly Active Therapy Era","funder_award_id":"K23MH067505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6331105280","display_name":"Antiretviral therapy adherence in resource poor setting","funder_award_id":"R03MH066654","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306127","display_name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306134","display_name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04n65rp89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2063739166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2063739166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49125497","https://openalex.org/W99771653","https://openalex.org/W1964100346","https://openalex.org/W1982612158","https://openalex.org/W1993062623","https://openalex.org/W2020763427","https://openalex.org/W2037635462","https://openalex.org/W2058117818","https://openalex.org/W2087309699","https://openalex.org/W2088423598","https://openalex.org/W2095215447","https://openalex.org/W2106864136","https://openalex.org/W2109763529","https://openalex.org/W2121731508","https://openalex.org/W2150290224","https://openalex.org/W2156330207","https://openalex.org/W2164099498","https://openalex.org/W2166670196","https://openalex.org/W2334590341","https://openalex.org/W2413852639","https://openalex.org/W4237297136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762800620","https://openalex.org/W2002186016","https://openalex.org/W1982799563","https://openalex.org/W4230271743","https://openalex.org/W2054543049","https://openalex.org/W2053899556","https://openalex.org/W2036939264","https://openalex.org/W1971020743","https://openalex.org/W2020010291","https://openalex.org/W2331013250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"the":[3,30,35,77,148,151,199],"performance":[4],"of":[5,32],"an":[6,19],"instrument":[7,20,191,204],"to":[8,18,43,178],"assess":[9,179],"adherence":[10,42,65,75,180,203],"based":[11,21],"on":[12,22],"a":[13,186],"visual":[14,78,97,154,175,200],"analogue":[15,79,98,155,176,201],"scale,":[16,80],"compared":[17],"3-day":[23,81,117,189],"recall,":[24,82],"using":[25,76],"unannounced":[26,84,101,120,159],"pill":[27,85,102,121,160],"counts":[28],"in":[29,46,59,150,169,192,208,214],"place":[31],"residence":[33],"as":[34,183,185],"gold":[36],"standard.":[37],"METHOD:":[38],"We":[39],"prospectively":[40],"assessed":[41],"antiretroviral":[44,57],"therapy":[45,58],"84":[47],"marginally":[48],"housed":[49],"indigent":[50],"HIV-infected":[51],"patients":[52],"who":[53],"were":[54,88,130],"receiving":[55],"stable":[56,163],"San":[60],"Francisco,":[61],"California,":[62],"with":[63,135,158],"three":[64],"assessments":[66],"over":[67,164],"no":[68],"more":[69,187],"than":[70],"4":[71],"months.":[72],"RESULTS:":[73],"Mean":[74],"and":[83,91,100,109,119,142,166,210],"count":[86,103,122,161],"methods":[87,129],"82.5%,":[89],"84.2%,":[90],"75.9%,":[92],"respectively.":[93],"The":[94,153],"correlation":[95,157],"between":[96,116],"scale":[99,156,177,202],"was":[104,110,162,181],"high":[105,168],"(r":[106,123,139],"=":[107,124,140],"0.76)":[108],"not":[111],"statistically":[112],"different":[113],"from":[114],"that":[115],"recall":[118,190],"0.71;":[125],"p":[126,145],"=.52).":[127],"Both":[128],"also":[131],"similarly":[132],"inversely":[133],"correlated":[134],"HIV":[136],"viral":[137],"load":[138],"-0.49":[141],"-0.34,":[143],"respectively;":[144],"=.22":[146],"for":[147],"difference":[149],"correlations).":[152],"time":[165],"remained":[167],"all":[170],"subpopulations":[171],"examined.":[172],"CONCLUSION:":[173],"A":[174],"performed":[182],"well":[184],"complicated":[188],"this":[193],"diverse":[194],"population.":[195],"Given":[196],"its":[197],"simplicity,":[198],"will":[205],"be":[206,212],"useful":[207,213],"research":[209],"may":[211],"routine":[215],"patient":[216],"care.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
