{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063668752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","title":"Effect of Electrode Length on Atrial Defibrillation Thresholds","display_name":"Effect of Electrode Length on Atrial Defibrillation Thresholds","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063668752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","mag":"2063668752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9654222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143832381","display_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology","issn_l":"1045-3873","issn":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078003292","display_name":"Carl C. Timmermans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CARL TIMMERMANS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands. C.Timmermans@cardio.azm.nl","Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands. C.Timmermans@cardio.azm.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103516174","display_name":"Luz\u2010Maria Rodriguez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LUZ\u2010MARIA RODRIGUEZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002545598","display_name":"Gregory M. Ayers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GREGORY M. AYERS","raw_affiliation_strings":["InControl Inc., Redmond. Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InControl Inc., Redmond. Washington","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075612496","display_name":"Hendrik Lambert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HENDRIK LAMBERT","raw_affiliation_strings":["InControl Inc., Redmond. Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InControl Inc., Redmond. Washington","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112742673","display_name":"Joep L.R.M. Smeets","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOEP SMEETS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108201076","display_name":"Hein J.J. Wellens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HEIN J.J. WELLENS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078003292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89233811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"582","last_page":"587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.1981000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.13339999318122864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-defibrillation","display_name":"atrial defibrillation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defibrillation-threshold","display_name":"defibrillation threshold","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-length","display_name":"electrode length","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"atrial fibrillation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-sinus","display_name":"coronary sinus","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-atrium","display_name":"right atrium","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-impedance","display_name":"shock impedance","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinus-rhythm-restoration","display_name":"sinus rhythm restoration","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778259205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629460","display_name":"Coronary sinus","level":2,"score":0.8826843500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8597764372825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777795826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954202","display_name":"Defibrillation","level":2,"score":0.7916818857192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6360929012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.6161304712295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114021368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189265","display_name":"Atrium (architecture)","level":3,"score":0.5915658473968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5787169933319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775914520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12335414","display_name":"Sinus rhythm","level":3,"score":0.5507654547691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781267111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652297","display_name":"Catheter","level":2,"score":0.5464311242103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4974842369556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777001951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074839","display_name":"Right atrium","level":2,"score":0.4350596070289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596763","display_name":"Defibrillation threshold","level":3,"score":0.4175024628639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35602304339408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.251054584980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001281","descriptor_name":"Atrial Fibrillation","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004056","descriptor_name":"Differential Threshold","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004554","descriptor_name":"Electric Countershock","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00938.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143832381","display_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology","issn_l":"1045-3873","issn":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9654222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9654222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8120957","https://openalex.org/W1963844262","https://openalex.org/W1967708837","https://openalex.org/W1977968805","https://openalex.org/W1978603043","https://openalex.org/W2033765801","https://openalex.org/W2045284432","https://openalex.org/W2050403430","https://openalex.org/W2056616312","https://openalex.org/W2067553785","https://openalex.org/W2084239570","https://openalex.org/W2980486406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090459120","https://openalex.org/W1999534714","https://openalex.org/W2074266218","https://openalex.org/W7096976767","https://openalex.org/W2082773679","https://openalex.org/W2090081674","https://openalex.org/W2107041966","https://openalex.org/W28654600","https://openalex.org/W2011035667","https://openalex.org/W2025887827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Catheter-based":[1],"electrodes":[2,19,33,89,126],"have":[3],"been":[4],"used":[5],"previously":[6],"to":[7,22,52,136,191,339],"terminate":[8],"episodes":[9],"of":[10,48,56,145,153,177,181,206,233,265,283,331,352],"atrial":[11,61,130,157],"fibrillation":[12],"in":[13,36,42,82,99,168,172,246,292,301],"animals":[14],"and":[15,25,41,80,96,132,270],"man.":[16],"Typically,":[17],"these":[18,32],"span":[20,109],"6":[21,135,224],"7":[23],"cm,":[24],"lowest":[26],"energy":[27,305],"requirements":[28,349],"are":[29,34],"achieved":[30],"when":[31,334],"positioned":[35,98],"the":[37,43,54,76,83,100,114,119,128,146,150,154,178,207,223,239,243,247,250,289,293,311,316,336,347],"distal":[38,77,115],"coronary":[39,78,104,120,159,294,340],"sinus":[40,79,121,160,192,341,353],"right":[44,84,101,129,156,248,337],"atrium.":[45,85],"The":[46,329],"purpose":[47],"this":[49],"study":[50],"was":[51,94,110,253,271],"evaluate":[53],"use":[55,330],"longer":[57,88,312,317,332],"electrode":[58,108,182,209,227,240,245,291,313,318],"lengths":[59,319],"for":[60,175,222,288,350],"defibrillation.":[62],"METHODS":[63],"AND":[64],"RESULTS:":[65],"In":[66],"15":[67,185],"patients,":[68],"two":[69],"decapolar":[70],"catheters":[71],"were":[72,165,213,297],"inserted,":[73],"one":[74,81,197],"into":[75],"To":[86],"provide":[87],"lengths,":[90],"a":[91,169],"third":[92,147],"catheter":[93,122,131,148],"inserted":[95],"alternated":[97],"atrium":[102,338],"or":[103,123,158,304],"sinus.":[105,295],"A":[106],"6-cm":[107],"obtained":[111],"by":[112,139],"using":[113,242,335],"8":[116,124],"rings":[117,144,152],"on":[118,127],"consecutive":[125],"increased":[133],"from":[134],"11":[137,286],"cm":[138,226],"connecting":[140],"5":[141],"consecutive,":[142],"nonoverlapping":[143],"with":[149,203,230,262,280,310],"10":[151],"initial":[155],"catheter.":[161],"Atrial":[162],"defibrillation":[163,251,302,348],"thresholds":[164,212],"determined":[166],"twice,":[167],"randomized":[170],"order,":[171],"each":[173,176],"patient":[174,198],"three":[179],"combinations":[180],"lengths.":[183],"All":[184],"patients":[186],"could":[187,199],"be":[188,200],"successfully":[189],"converted":[190,201],"rhythm":[193],"without":[194],"complications;":[195],"however,":[196,315],"reproducibly":[202],"only":[204],"2":[205],"3":[208],"combinations.":[210],"Mean":[211],"306":[214],"+/-":[215,219,235,255,259,267,273,277,285],"102":[216],"V,":[217,257,275],"5.9":[218],"4.0":[220],"J":[221,261,279],"cm/6":[225],"length":[228],"combination":[229,241],"an":[231,263,281],"impedance":[232,264,282,324],"72":[234],"18":[236],"omega.":[237],"For":[238],"11-cm":[244,290],"atrium,":[249],"threshold":[252],"296":[254],"107":[256],"5.8":[258],"3.9":[260],"61":[266],"17":[268],"omega":[269,287],"294":[272],"91":[274],"5.6":[276],"3.6":[278],"55":[284],"There":[296],"no":[298],"significant":[299],"differences":[300],"voltage":[303],"(P":[306,325],">":[307],"0.05)":[308],"associated":[309],"lengths;":[314],"did":[320],"significantly":[321],"lower":[322,346],"shock":[323,342],"<":[326],"0.05).":[327],"CONCLUSION:":[328],"electrodes,":[333],"vector,":[343],"does":[344],"not":[345],"restoration":[351],"rhythm.":[354]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}