{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062935378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","title":"Randomization in Optimal Income Tax Schedules","display_name":"Randomization in Optimal Income Tax Schedules","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062935378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","mag":"2062935378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199447588","display_name":"Journal of Public Economics","issn_l":"0047-2727","issn":["0047-2727","1879-2316"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038703686","display_name":"Dagobert L. Brito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagobert L. Brito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA","Rice University, Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053934119","display_name":"Jonathan Hamilton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan H. Hamilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","University of Florida - Warrington College of Business Administration - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida - Warrington College of Business Administration - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061814051","display_name":"Steven Slutsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven M. Slutsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","University of Florida Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074218217","display_name":"Joseph Eug\u00e8ne Stiglitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5370-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5370-6798","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-046X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph E. Stiglitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Columbia Business School - Finance and Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Business School - Finance and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053934119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":4510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4510},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90497738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"189","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.03799999877810478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-income-taxation","display_name":"optimal income taxation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomization","display_name":"randomization","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-improvement","display_name":"Pareto improvement","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-equity","display_name":"horizontal equity","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.5449236631393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4821031391620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165786947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179222","display_name":"Income tax","level":2,"score":0.4809524416923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4518505930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36639776825904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.355491042137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2933593988418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16776043176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.14847299456596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09456536173820496}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)01420-s","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199447588","display_name":"Journal of Public Economics","issn_l":"0047-2727","issn":["0047-2727","1879-2316"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3386/w3289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:3289","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w3289.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w3289.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3025017456","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/3289.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:56:y:1995:i:2:p:189-223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0047-2727(94)01420-S","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w3289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w3289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2062935378.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561671705","https://openalex.org/W1586610156","https://openalex.org/W1967101123","https://openalex.org/W2005986124","https://openalex.org/W2062935378","https://openalex.org/W2066809750","https://openalex.org/W2093622540","https://openalex.org/W2122313279","https://openalex.org/W2127238399","https://openalex.org/W2136211845","https://openalex.org/W2157903878","https://openalex.org/W2172441529","https://openalex.org/W3022848088","https://openalex.org/W3025017456","https://openalex.org/W3025848705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867314956","https://openalex.org/W2248347979","https://openalex.org/W7100316329","https://openalex.org/W2109955097","https://openalex.org/W2029383157","https://openalex.org/W3026971019","https://openalex.org/W2264001344","https://openalex.org/W7099258150","https://openalex.org/W1971516199","https://openalex.org/W2005986124"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}