{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062476972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","title":"A multi-representational and multi-layered treebank for Hindi/Urdu","display_name":"A multi-representational and multi-layered treebank for Hindi/Urdu","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062476972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","mag":"2062476972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1698381.1698417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1698381.1698417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420465","display_name":"Linguistic Annotation Workshop","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop on - ACL-IJCNLP '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1698381.1698417","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102986621","display_name":"Rajesh Bhatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-2249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-2249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Bhatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152145","display_name":"Bhuvana Narasimhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-9661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-9661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhuvana Narasimhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017464054","display_name":"Martha Stone Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-6974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-6974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martha Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U. of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021314411","display_name":"Owen Rambow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-039X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-039X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen Rambow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047549045","display_name":"Dipti Misra Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6979-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6979-3609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64189192","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/05f11g639","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipti Misra Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Int'l Institute of Info. Technology, Hyderabad, India","Int'l Institute of Info. Technology, Hyderabad, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int'l Institute of Info. Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int'l Institute of Info. Technology, Hyderabad, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64189192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676786","display_name":"Fei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4609-9950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4609-9950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3213,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98378052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13623","display_name":"Linguistic Studies and Language Acquisition","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindi","display_name":"Hindi","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu language","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treebank","display_name":"treebank","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependence-structure","display_name":"dependence structure","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure","display_name":"phrase structure","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propbank","display_name":"PropBank","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation-guidelines","display_name":"annotation guidelines","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingual-treebanks","display_name":"multilingual treebanks","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206134035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811525","display_name":"Treebank","level":3,"score":0.9911070466041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094981908798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519982507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568","display_name":"Hindi","level":2,"score":0.7668765783309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.751319169998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.7126895189285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7101892232894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6899094581604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6166524887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778467380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345443","display_name":"Decipherment","level":2,"score":0.42215844988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80877019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7188074","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","level":3,"score":0.42042461037635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3087075650691986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.20297399163246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1698381.1698417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1698381.1698417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420465","display_name":"Linguistic Annotation Workshop","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop on - ACL-IJCNLP '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.156.9531","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.9531","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W09/W09-3036.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1698381.1698417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1698381.1698417","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/1698381.1698417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420465","display_name":"Linguistic Annotation Workshop","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop on - ACL-IJCNLP '09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1897224801","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   CRI:  CRD:   A Multi-Representational and Multi-Layered Treebank for Hindi/Urdu","funder_award_id":"0751089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2197999257","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   CRI:   CRD:   A Multi-Representational and Multi-Layered Treebank for Hindi/Urdu","funder_award_id":"0751171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6272406888","display_name":"Collaborative Research:    CRI:   CRD:   A Multi-Representational and Multi-Layered Treebank for Hindi/Urdu","funder_award_id":"0751202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8179007655","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   CRI:   CRD:   A Multi-Representational and Multi-Layered Treebank for Hindi/Urdu","funder_award_id":"0751213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2062476972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2062476972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W306690219","https://openalex.org/W1570020226","https://openalex.org/W1594517255","https://openalex.org/W1605758875","https://openalex.org/W2038052389","https://openalex.org/W2067349145","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2122922578","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2166451556","https://openalex.org/W2171533118","https://openalex.org/W2795420152","https://openalex.org/W4230693233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626990897","https://openalex.org/W1437590537","https://openalex.org/W1521076080","https://openalex.org/W2584651598","https://openalex.org/W38718431","https://openalex.org/W2516629963","https://openalex.org/W242487055","https://openalex.org/W342998476","https://openalex.org/W7029017654","https://openalex.org/W7096914907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,26,33,44,47],"simultaneous":[4],"development":[5,45],"of":[6,46],"dependency":[7,23],"structure":[8,11,24,35],"and":[9,15,25,31],"phrase":[10,34],"treebanks":[12],"for":[13,49],"Hindi":[14],"Urdu,":[16],"as":[17,19],"well":[18],"a":[20],"PropBank.":[21],"The":[22],"PropBank":[27],"are":[28,53],"manually":[29],"annotated,":[30],"then":[32],"treebank":[36],"is":[37],"produced":[38],"automatically.":[39],"To":[40],"ensure":[41],"successful":[42],"conversion":[43],"guidelines":[48],"all":[50],"three":[51],"representations":[52],"carefully":[54],"coordinated.":[55]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
